臺灣保護區的壓力評析－以林業及自然保育署轄管43座保護區為例

THE PRESSURES ANALYSIS OF PROTECTED AREAS IN TAIWAN - THE CASE STUDIES UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF THE FORESTRY AND NATURE CONSERVATION AGENCY

楊邵閔(Shao-Min Yang)；盧道杰(Dau-Jye Lu)

壓力評估 ； IUCN-CMP威脅分類 ； 保護區 ； 經營管理效能 ； 保育政策 ； pressure assessment ； IUCN threat classification ； protected areas ； management effectiveness ； national policy

中華林學季刊

56卷2期（2023 / 06 / 30）

77 - 103

繁體中文;英文

藉由保護區經營管理效能評量，釐清保護區價值，瞭解面臨壓力，檢討經營管理動作的有效性，建構適應性管理的循環，是近年國際保育社會推動的要務之一。本研究使用農業部林業及自然保育署轄管43座保護區兩次評量結果（2008～2011年與2015～2016年），分析各項壓力趨勢與綜合影響力變化。結果指出，「物種入侵（外來種）」與「污染（垃圾）」為兩次評量普遍發生且影響力嚴重壓力；「災難性地質事件（侵蝕淤積沉澱）」、「氣候變遷（暴雨洪水）」與「物種入侵（本土問題物種）」，為近年急劇新增且影響力嚴重壓力；「人類入侵（遊憩活動）」，亦為近年急劇新增壓力，但影響力較輕微；至「生物資源採集（狩獵、採集植物、漁撈）」相關壓力，兩次評量皆普遍發生但影響力較輕微。綜整而言，臺灣保護區現況較近似已開發國家，受都市化快速發展造成多數壓力有惡化或擴大趨勢，所幸管理機關於評量後已著手因應或修訂經營管理機畫，部份壓力亦於第二次評量時有所改善。考量上述壓力造成影響多為廣泛性，且不同生態系面臨壓力與產生韌性不同，建議未來宜依不同生態系特性或保育目標進行比較分析。此外，結合相關壓力應對策略的研究成果，並考慮到地方主管機關處理能力有限，建議中央主管機關應從全臺的尺度思考，積極採取減緩策略，避免影響保護區經營管理成效。

Pressure analysis is crucial to governance and management of protected areas, which could be implemented by the evaluation of protected area management effectiveness. Based on the results of two evaluations conducted between 2008-2011 and 2015-2016 on 43 protected areas under jurisdictions of the Forestry and Nature Conservation Agency, this study aimed to analyze the trend and assess the impact of various pressures on these areas. Our results indicated that "invasive alien species" and "garbage and solid waste" were commonly found and had significant impacts. "Problematic native species," "erosion and sedimentation," and "storms and flooding" were pressures that have rapidly increased and also had significant impacts. "Recreational activities" has also sharply increased, but its impact was relatively slight. "Biological resource use," such as hunting, gathering plants, and fishing, was also common but had a minor impact. Overall, the current situation of protected areas in Taiwan is similar to that of developed countries. Due to rapid urbanization, most pressures tend to worsen or expand. Fortunately, the authorities have already begun responding to and revising the management plans after the evaluation, and some of the pressure has also improved during the second evaluation. Considering that the aforementioned pressures have widespread impacts, and different ecosystems encounter distinct pressures and possess different resilience capabilities, we recommend conducting comparative analyses for different ecosystems or conservation goals. In addition, considering the limited capacity of local authorities and incorporating research findings on relevant pressure-mitigating strategies, we recommend that central authorities take into account the situ conservation by a more holistic and comprehensive perspective to enhance management effectiveness and performance in this changing environment.