PHBV/PVA混煉玉米澱粉塑膠粒之研究（I）：最適操作參數

The Study of Cornstarch Plastic Pellets Blended with PHBV/PVA (I): Optimum Operating Parameters

10.6730/JAAT.201406_15(2).0001

任修弘(Hsiu-Hung Jen)；彭錦樵(Jin-Chyau Peng)；吳佳洋(Chia-Yang Wu)

反應曲面法 ； 擠壓技術 ； 塑膠原料粒 ； Response surface methodology (RSM) ； extrusion technology ； plastic pellets

台灣農學會報

15卷2期（2014 / 06 / 01）

110 - 125

繁體中文

本研究係以擠壓加工技術混煉聚羥基丁酯戊酯／聚乙烯醇／玉米澱粉三種原料，並以塑化劑（甘油和檸檬酸三乙酯）進行改質，開發生物可分解塑膠粒。利用反應曲面法之三變數三層級設計探討反應性狀與操作參數間之關係。其操作參數分別為聚羥基丁酯戊酯／（聚羥基丁酯戊酯＋聚乙烯醇）比例（50%、70%、90%）、套筒溫度（125℃、140℃、155℃）及螺軸轉速（30 rpm、40 rpm、50 rpm），共計15個處理組。各處理組總重為1 kg，其中原料佔80%，塑化劑佔20%。各處理組中固定玉米澱粉添加量350 g，甘油添加量85 g，檸檬酸三乙酯添加量35 g。各處理組之產品分別測定其機械性質（最大拉伸荷重、最大拉伸位移）與塑料吸水性。根據量測結果，利用統計軟體Minitab 14進行迴歸分析，並以重疊等高線圖找尋出最適操作參數之範圍如下：70%＜聚羥基丁酯戊酯／（聚羥基丁酯戊酯＋聚乙烯醇）＜76%，139℃＜套筒溫度＜142℃，39 rpm＜螺軸轉速＜41 rpm。將最適操作參數【聚羥基丁酯戊酯／（聚羥基丁酯戊酯＋聚乙烯醇）比例為72.26%、套筒溫度為140.2℃及螺軸轉速為39.46 rpm】帶入各性狀之迴歸模式，可得最適化產品之預估值：最大拉伸荷重為132.51 N、最大拉伸位移為4.55 mm及塑料吸水率為39.11%。以統計t檢定比較預估值與實際值，結果顯示兩者無顯著差異。故本研究之最適操作參數可提供業界作為未來開發塑膠粒之商品化參考依據。

In this study, extrusion technology was used to produce biodegradable plastic pellets which were composed of poly (3-hyroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy valerate) (PHBV), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and corn-starch. The biodegradable plastic pellets were blended with glycerol and the triethyl citrate (TEC). Response surface methodology which adopted a three-variable and three-level experimental design was chosen for finding the relationship between the responses (max. loading, max. displacement, water absorption) and the variables. The operating parameters were the ratios of PHBV/(PHBV + PVA) (50%, 70%, 90%), the barrel temperature (125˚C, 140˚C, 155˚C), and the screw speed (30 rpm, 40rpm, 50 rpm), respectively. The total weight of one treatment was one kilogram, including the major and auxiliary formulations 80% and the plasticizers 20%, respectively. The fixed parameters were the corn-starch 350 g, glycerol 85 g, and TEC 35 g, respectively. The best ranges of the operating parameters (70% ＜ PHBV/(PHBV + PVA) ＜ 76%; 139˚C ＜ barrel temperature ＜ 142˚C; 39 rpm ＜ screw speed ＜ 41 rpm) were determined by the optimization process in RSM. The individual contour plots of the different responses were overlaid, and the regions meeting 132.51 N, 4.55 mm, and 39.11% were identified at 72.26%, 140.2˚C, and 39.46 rpm. Therefore, the extruded pellets can be applied to industry.