輕微碰撞檢測儲放期間奇異果果實硬度之研究

Study of the Firmness Detection of Kiwifruit using a Slight Impact Test during the Storage Period

10.6730/JAAT.202104_21(3).0004

連振昌(Cheng-Chang Lien)；陳俊亮(Jun-Liang Chen)；王旻位(Min-Wei Wang)

輕微碰擊 ； 穿刺 ； 奇異果果實 ； 堅實度 ； 非破壞性檢測 ； Slight impact test ； Puncture test ； Kiwifruit ； Firmness ； Non-destructive

台灣農學會報

21卷3期（2021 / 04 / 01）

198 - 212

繁體中文

本研究目的為應用一單擺式碰擊裝置對奇異果果實進行非破壞性堅實度檢測，由力量－時間波形曲線圖得到碰擊參數和其組合參數，由穿刺試驗得到的彈性常數Ki作為奇異果果實硬度的分級指標，以具有顯著性差異的碰擊參數作為奇異果果實的分級指標，探討在常溫下儲放天數奇異果果實之鑑別準確度。研究結果顯示，奇異果果實其密度為1.10 g/cm^3，含水率為84.70%，由穿刺試驗可知奇異果果實的堅實度隨著儲放天數的增加及成熟度提升而降低，隨著成熟度增加其輕微碰擊力Fp越小而碰擊接觸時間Tc會越長。依彈性常數Ki進行分級時，使用波峰一的碰擊接觸時間Tc1和最大碰擊力Fp1兩個具顯著性差異之碰擊參數進行鑑別分析，其準確率為86.4%，以此可作為分類奇異果果實硬度之級別。經由連續碰擊試驗及穿刺試驗可驗證得知輕微碰擊試驗檢測奇異果果實硬度為一種非破壞性檢測。

A pendulum impact device was used to conduct non-destructive firmness testing of kiwifruit in this study. The parameters of impact and their combination parameters were obtained from the graph of the force-time waveform, and the elastic constant Ki obtained from the puncture test was used as the indicator for grading the firmness of kiwifruit. The impact parameters with statistically significant differences were use as the grading index for kiwifruit. The discriminant accuracy of kiwifruit's firmness after being stored for a period of few days at room temperature was explored. The results of this study show that the density of kiwifruit was 1.10 g/cm^3 with a moisture content of 84.70%. The level of firmness of kiwifruit according to the puncture test decreases with the increase of storage days and fruit maturity. The more mature the kiwifruit are, the smaller the slight impact force (Fp) and the longer the impact contact time (Tc). When conducting grading based on the elastic constant Ki, the two statistically, significantly different impact parameters, the impact contact time (Tc1) and the maximum impact force (Fp1) at the wave crest 1, are used for the discriminant analysis. The accuracy rate of the analysis reaches 86.4%, which can categorize the levels of firmness of kiwifruit. Moreover, the continuous impact test and puncture test prove that using the slight impact test to determine the firmness of kiwifruit is a non-destructive method.

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