過度包裝與經濟成長？

Packaging Waste and Economic Growth?

10.6181/agec.2010.44.03

張慧雯(Hui-Wen Chang)；陳智華(Jhy-Hwa Chen)；謝智源(Jhy-Yuan Shieh)

過度包裝 ； 包裝減量 ； 污染 ； 經濟成長 ； 雙重分紅 ； Packaging waste ； Economic growth ； Double dividend ； Pollution

農業與經濟

44期（2010 / 06 / 01）

73 - 108

繁體中文

本文建立一個包含商品過度包裝及環境因子的內生成長模型，我們依循Ljungqvist and Uhlig(2000)處理消費外部性的手法來處理商品過度包裝的問題，據此討論商品過度包裝對於環境與經濟成長現象的影響。根據本文的研究發現，勞動供給是否爲內生決定對於包裝稅之政策效果扮演一個相當關鍵的角色。以經濟成長的角度來看，包裝稅最好的結果是在不影響經濟成長率之下改善商品過度包裝的現象（發生在勞動供給固定的情境之下）。但倘若政府藉由環保教育來提升綠色消費信念，讓民眾願意自發性地減少過度包裝商品之消費，誘使資源由包裝用途重新配置到其他有助於經濟成長的行爲，如生產或資本累積，則比較有可能可以在不傷害經濟成長的前提下，達成環境品質維護的目的，享受到經濟成長與環境品質改善的雙重分紅。此外本文同時也討論最適租稅政策如何制訂的問題。

By using an endogenous growth model with environmental externality, this paper tries to discuss the relationship between packaging waste and economic growth. We show that the role of labor supply plays an important role in determining the relationship between packaging waste and economic growth. We find, for economic growth, the packaging tax is not a good alternative. The better way is to increase the public awareness of environmental consciousness or green consumption belief through the government policy announcing, and propel the public change their consumption behaviors. Therefore, the resource from packaging waste can redistribute to other sectors and conducive to the economic growth with the achievement of double dividends (that is environmental conservation and economic growth). Finally, we also discuss the optimal policy.

1. 陳智華、蕭文宗、謝智源(2003)。內生化勞動休閒決策下污染與經濟成長的關係。經濟研究，39(2)，147-172。
   連結：
2. 行政院環保署（2006），《統計年報》，台北：行政院環保署。
3. Barro, R. J.,Sala-i-Martin, X.(2004).Economic Growth.MA, Cambridge:The MIT Press.
4. Blanchard, O. J.,Fischer, S.(1989).Lectures on Macroeconomics.MA, Cambridge:The MIT Press.
5. Bovenberg, A. L.,de Mooij, R. A.(1997).Environmental Tax Reform and Endogenous Growth.Journal of Public Economics,63,207-237.
6. Bovenberg, A. L.,Smulders, S.(1996).Transitional Impacts of Environmental Policy in an Endogenous Growth Model.International Economic Review,37,861-893.
7. Chen, J. H.,Lai, C. C.,Shieh, J. Y.(2003).Anticipated Environmental Policy and Transitional Dynamics in an Endogenous Growth Model.Environmental and Resource Economics,25,233-254.
8. Elbasha, E. H.,Roe, T. L.(1996).On Endogenous Growth: The Implications of Environmental Externalities.Journal of Environmental Economics and Management,31,240-268.
9. Huang, C. H.,Cai, D.(1994).Constant-Returns Endogenous Growth with Pollution Control.Environmental and Resource Economics,4,383-400.
10. Jones, C. I.(1998).Introduction to Economic Growth.New York:W. W. Norton & Company Press.
11. Ligthart, J. E.,van der Ploeg, F.(1994).Pollution, the Cost of Public Funds and Endogenous Growth.Economic Letters,46,351-361.
12. Ljungqvist, L.,Uhlig, H.(2000).Tax Policy and Aggregate Demand Management under Catching Up with the Joneses.American Economic Review,90,356-366.
13. Mäler, K. G.(ed.),Vincent, J. R.(ed.)(2005).Handbook of Environmental Economics.Amsterdam:Elsevier Publishers Press.
14. Mankiw, N. G.(2000).Macroeconomics.New York:Worth Publishers Press.
15. Mankiw, N. G.(2004).Principles of Economics.Mason, OH:Thomson South-Western Press.
16. Ogaki, M.,Ostry, J. D.,Reinhart, C. M.(1996).Saving Behavior in Developing Countries.IMF Staff Papers,43,38-71.
17. Romer, P. M.(1986).Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth.Journal of Political Economy,94,1002-1037.
18. Sandmo, A.(1975).Optimal Taxation in the Presence of Externalities.Swedish Journal of Economics,77,86-98.
19. Smulders, S.,Gradus, R.(1996).Pollution Abatement and Long-Term Growth.European Journal of Political Economy,12,505-532.
20. Solow, R. M.(1957).Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function.Review of Economics and Statistics,39,312-320.
21. Turnovsky, S. J.(2000).Methods of Macroeconomic Dynamics.MA, Cambridge:The MIT Press.
22. Turnovsky, S. J.(2000).Fiscal Policy, Elastic Labor Supply, and Endogenous Growth.Journal of Monetary Economics,45,185-210.