台灣大學生英語詞彙熟悉度習得年齡評定

Familiarity and Age of Acquisition Ratings for English Words by Taiwanese College Students

10.6251/BEP.20090210

張葶葶(Ting-Ting Chang)；李俊仁(Jun-Ren Lee)

英語為外語學習 ； 習得年齡 ； 熟悉度 ； AOA ； EFL ； familiarity rating

教育心理學報

41卷2期（2009 / 12 / 01）

441 - 452

繁體中文

本研究主要目的是建立台灣大學生對3080個英語詞彙的熟悉度以及習得年齡評定指標，研究的成果可提供未來進行台灣大學生英語字詞辨識研究時，選取刺激材料的資料庫。本研究徵求120位大學生，請受試者先針對字詞進行認識與否判斷。受試者針對判斷爲認識的詞彙，進一步評定熟悉度以及習得年齡。利用本資料庫進行回歸分析，發現一個英文詞的辨識度、熟悉度、習得年齡間彼此呈現高相關；而熟悉度、習得年齡、音節數目等三個因素，都對英文詞的辨識率有重要的影響。

Frequency, familiarity, and age of acquisition are important factors for word recognition that must be considered by researchers of language acquisition. Current psycholinguistic databases, based on studies of native English speakers, include objective frequency count, subjective rating of familiarity, and age of acquisition. One can easily employ those databases to obtain a stimulus list for one's studies. For word recognition researchers interested in non-native English speakers in of Taiwan, however, there is currently no existing database. In this study, we created a psycholinguistic database which includes subjective familiarity rating and age of acquisition for 3,080 English words. Participants were 120 college students in Taiwan. They were asked to make judgments about 4,000 stimulus words. For recognized stimulus words, participants gave a rating of familiarity and self-report of age of acquisition; for non-recognized words, participants were asked to move on to the next stimulus word. Further analysis of the database showed that familiarity index, age of acquisition, and number of syllables are important factors for the recognition of a word. Variance in word recognition ratings for each factor was explained and implications were discussed.

1. CELEX English database (Release E25)
2. Auer, E. T.,Bernstein, L. E.(2008).Estimating when and how words are acquired: a natural experiment on the development of the mental lexicon.Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research,51(3),750-758.
3. Balota, D. A.,Pilotti, M.,Cortese, M. J.(2001).Subjective frequency estimates for 2,938 monosyllabic words.Memory & Cognition,29,639-647.
4. Balota, D. A.,Yap, M. J.,Cortese, M. J.,Hutchison, K. A.,Kessler, B.,Loftis, B.(2007).The English Lexicon Project.Behavior Research Methods,39,445-459.
5. About the General Service List
6. Coltheart, M.(1981).The MRC Psycholinguistic Database.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,33A,497-505.
7. Gernsbacher, M. A.(1984).Resolving 20 years of inconsistent interactions between lexical familiarity and orthography, concreteness, and polysemy.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,113,256-281.
8. Gilhooly, K. J.,Logie, R. H.(1980).Age of acquisition, imagery, concreteness, familiarity and ambiguity measures for 1944 words.Behavior Research Methods & Instrumentation,12,395-427.
9. Holm, A.,Dodd, B.(1996).The effect of first written language on the acquisition of English literacy.Cognition,59,119-147.
10. Kieffer, M. J.,Lesaux, N. K.(2008).The role of derivational morphology in the reading comprehension of Spanish-speaking English Language Learners.Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal,21(8),783-804.
11. Kucera, H.,Francis, W. N.(1967).Computational Analysis of Present-day American English.Providence:Brown University press.
12. Miyawaki, K.,Strange, W.,Verbrugge, R.,Liberman, A. L.,Jenkins, J. J.,Fujimura, O.(1975).An effect of linguistic experience: The discrimination of [r] and [l] by native speakers of Japanese and English.Perception & Psychophysics,18,331-340.
13. Morrison, C. M.,Chappell, T. D.,Ellis, A. W.(1997).Age of acquisition norms for a large set of object names and their relation to adult estimates and other variables.Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,50A,528-559.
14. Morrison, C. M.,Ellis, A. W.(1995).The roles of word frequency and age of acquisition in word naming and lexical decision.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,21,116-133.
15. Morrison, C. M.,Hirsh, K. W.,Chappell, T.,Ellis, A. W.(2002).Age and age of acquisition: An evaluation of the cumulative frequency hypothesis.European Journal of Cognitive Psychology,14,435-459.
16. Nagy, W.,Berninger, V. W.,Abbott, R. D.(2006).Contributions of morphology beyond phonology to literacy outcomes of upper elementary and middle-school students.Journal of Educational Psychology,98,134-147.
17. Nation, P.,Waring, R.,Schmidt (eds.),McCarthy (eds.)(1997).Vocabulary Description, Acquisition and Pedagogy.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
18. Nunes, T.,Bryant, P. E.,Bindman, M.(1997).Morphological spelling strategies: developmental stages and processes.Developmental Psychology,33,637-649.
19. Tan, L. H.,Spinks, J. A.,Feng, C. M.,Siok, W. T.,Perfetti, C. A.,Xiong, J.(2003).Neural systems of second language reading are shaped by native language.Human Brain Mapping,18,158-166.
20. Vinson, D.,Cormier, K.,Denmark, T.,Schembri, A.,Vigliocco, G.(2008).The British Sign Language (BSL) norms for age of acquisition, familiarity and iconicity.Behavior Research Methods,40(4),1079-1087.
21. Wang, M.,Koda, K.,Pertetti, C. A.(2003).Alphabetic and nonalphabetic L1 effects in English word identification: A comparison of Korean and Chinese English L2 learners.Cognition,87,129-149.
22. West, M.(1953).A General Service List of English Words.London:Longman.
23. Xue, G.,Nation, I. S. P.(1984).A university word list.Language Learning and Communication,3,215-229.
24. Yamada, J.(2004).An L1-script-transfer-effect fallacy: a rejoinder to Wang et al. (2003).Cognition,93,127-132.
25. Yoon, H. K.,Bolger, D. J.,Kwon, O. S.,Perfetti, C. A.,L. Verhoeven (Eds.),C. Ebrow (Eds.),P. Reitsma (Eds.)(2002).Precursors of functional literacy.Amsterdam:John Benjamin.
26. 大學入學考試中心網站
27. 張葶葶(2005)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。國立中央大學認知神經科學研究所。
28. 教育部(2003)。國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要：語文學習領域。臺北:教育部。

1. CHEN, Yu-Chun(2018).Relationships between Electrophysiological Correlates of First and Second Language Phonological Processing Skills and Second Language Word Reading Profi ciency in Late L2 Learners.華語文教學研究,15(2),1-21.
2. (2016)。以心理詞彙資料庫探討英語為外國語學習者英語詞彙辨識之詞長效應。教育與心理研究，39(2)，87-108。