泛舟遊客接觸規範之研究

Whitewater Rafters' Encounter Norms

10.6130/JORS.2003.16(3)3

許義忠(Yi-Chung Hsu)；方志鵬(Chih-Peng Fang)

接觸規範 ； 可忍受範圍 ； 規範強度 ； 規範共識 ； 三選格式 ； Encounter norms ； norm intensity ； norm crystallization ； three-choice format

戶外遊憩研究

16卷3期（2003 / 09 / 01）

41 - 62

繁體中文

本研究調查泛舟遊客其是否具有個人及社會接觸規範，並進一步了解是否具有規範共識。問卷設計有關接觸規範的問項，採取三選格式方法。本研究以九十年七月至九十一年六月間於秀姑巒溪泛舟之遊客爲研究母體，抽樣方法採時間隨機抽樣，計抽出假日與非假日共35天，獲得有效問卷2,653份。研究結果顯示(1)多數遊客不存在個人接觸規範，(2)遊客比較在乎「船數」對泛舟體驗的影響，比較不在乎「人數」的影響，(3)男性、高學歷、高收入、有泛舟經驗的遊客具有較高比率的接觸規範，(4)社會接觸規範的共識低，(5)過去泛舟經驗和有否預期船數會影響接觸規範，社經背景的影響卻不顯著。本研究獲致三個結論：(1)社會規範做爲高密度使用遊憩區社會心理容許量的指標並不太恰當，(2)遊客有能力指認出不同類型接觸規範，(3)證實規範文獻有關接觸規範的研究結果，並印證三選格式是較佳的測量方法。文末並就未來相關研究與業者經營管理提出建議。

This study investigated rafters' personal encounter norms, social encounter norms, as well as their consensus of the norms. A three-choice format was used to identify if norms actually exist. The study population was rafters floating at Hsiukuluan River in Taiwan from July 2001 to June 2002. Thirty-five sampling days were randomly selected. 2653 valid questionnaires were obtained by using in-person interviewing. Five results were summarized as follows. First, the majority of the rafters do not have personal encounter norms. Secondly, rafters are concerned more about boat encounters that affect their rafting experience than people encounters. Thirdly, male, higher education, higher income, and experienced rafters have a higher percentage of obtaining encounter norms. Fourthly, the consensus of the norms is low. Finally, social encounter norms are influenced by past experiences and the expectations of encountering a boat. Three conclusions were drawn. (1) The social encounter norm is not an appropriate indicator for social carrying capacity in high-use areas. (2) Rafters are able to identify and differentiate encounter norms. (3) The study confirms the results of high-use area encounter norm studies and proves that three-choice format approaches are a better measurement method. Implications and recommendations were mentioned and discussed.

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