题名

寂靜之外:聽障遊客的旅行經驗探討

并列篇名

Beyond Silence: A Journey into the Travel World of the Deaf

DOI

10.6130/JORS.2009.22(3)1

作者

周淑惠(Shu-Hui Chou);趙偉琛(Wei-Chen Chao);簡儀佳(Yi-Chia Chien)

关键词

聽覺障礙者 ; 國外旅遊 ; 旅行論述 ; People with hearing-impaired ; outbound travel ; travel experience

期刊名称

戶外遊憩研究

卷期/出版年月

22卷3期(2009 / 09 / 01)

页次

1 - 29

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

文獻上與身心障礙遊客相關的研究大都將焦點關注在行動能力不便者的可及性與旅遊阻礙之探討。然而,聽障者爲身心障礙者排名第二大族群,他們不用考慮行動能力的問題,但寂靜的世界卻帶給他們在旅遊過程及真實世界中與一般人不同的接觸和體驗。因此,本研究以聽障者之旅遊經驗爲主軸,深度訪談十位具國外旅遊經驗之聽障者,探討其國外旅遊動機、旅遊方式、旅遊安全感體驗及旅遊帶給他們的影響,研究結果發現1.受訪者旅遊動機包含逃離日常生活、享受美食及體驗異國文化風情等推力與拉力動機,2.受訪者偏好家庭成員或有豐富旅遊經驗的聽障朋友成爲其旅遊同伴,他們的旅遊同伴在遊程中扮演著重要的溝通者角色,3.旅遊同伴、助聽器、熟悉的語言與文字是他們進行海外旅遊時安全感的來源,4.自助旅行是自我肯定,是成就感的來源,以上就其旅遊經驗歸整出七個主題並分別進行描繪。深化現有理論對於特殊族群與觀光意義連結的意涵,進而有一較清楚的輪廓。

英文摘要

People with the disabilities in the tourism market have greater potential and are more ignored. Detailed research on disabled travelers is fairly limited within tourism studies, and what work that does exist tends to focus on the mobility disabled travelers. People with hearing-impaired differ greatly from people with the disabilities in mobility. They are limited by communication to experience the world during the trip. Consequently, the specific purposes of the study were to: extend the limited research on the people with the disabilities in outbound travel, especially the travel experience of the people with hearing-impaired. In total, ten respondents were participated in the in-depth interviews. Totally seven themes were emerged and to describe each of themes. The findings indicate that people with hearing-impaired go to international travel first always with their family members, and communication were influence their pleasure travel by tour guide. Usually their risk resulted from tour guide. Individual safety plays an important role in their outbound travel; include travel partners, hearing assistant devices, familiar language and letter, security of destination. This study offers new insights into the possibilities associated the people with hearing-impaired.

主题分类 人文學 > 地理及區域研究
社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. 陳忻岱、葉秀燕(2008)。女體的移動與實踐:女性背包客旅行的文獻探討。戶外遊憩研究,21(2),23-41。
    連結:
  2. Abeyraine, R. I. R.(1995).Proposals and guidelines for the carriage of elderly and disabled persons by air.Journal of Travel Research,33(3),52-59.
  3. Ap, J.,Wong, K.(2001).Case study on tour guiding: Professionalism, issues and problems.Tourism Management,22(5),551-563.
  4. Avis, A. H.,Card, J. A.,Cole, S. T.(2005).Accessibility and attitudinal barriers encountered by travelers with physical disabilities.Tourism Review International,8(3),239-248.
  5. Basala, S.,Klenosky, D.(2001).Travel style preferences for visiting a novel destination: A conjoint investigation across the novelty-familiarity continuum.Journal of Travel Research,40(2),172-182.
  6. Boorstin, D. J.(1964).The image: A guide to pseudo-events in America.New York:Harper & Row.
  7. Burnett, J. J.,Baker, H. B.(2001).Assessing the travel-related behaviors of the mobility-disabled consumer.Journal of Travel Research,40(1),4-11.
  8. Cavinato, J. L.,Cuckovich, M. L.(1992).Transportation and tourism for the disabled: An assessment.Transportation Journal,31(3),46-53.
  9. Christie, M. F.,Mason, P. A.(2003).Transformative tour guiding: Training tour guides to be critically reflective practitioners.Journal of Ecotourism,2(1),1-16.
  10. Cockburn-Wootten, C.,Friend, L.,Mcintosh, A.(2006).A discourse analysis of representational spaces: Writings of women independent travelers.Tourism,54(1),7-16.
  11. Cohen, B.(1979).A phenomenology of tourist experiences.The Journal of the British Sociological Association,13(2),179-201.
  12. Cohen, E.(1985).The tourist guide: The origins, structure and dynamics of a role.Annals of Tourism Research,12(1),5-29.
  13. Daniels, M. J.,Rodgers, E. B. D.,Wiggins, B. P.(2005)."Travel tales": An interpretive analysis of constraints and negotiations to pleasure travel as experienced by persons with physical disabilities.Tourism Management,26(6),919-930.
  14. Dann, G. M. S.(1981).Tourist motivation an appraisal.Annals of Tourism Research,8(2),187-219.
  15. Dann, G. M. S.(1977).Anomie, ego-enhancement and tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,4(4),184-194.
  16. Demos, E.(1992).Concern for safety: A potential problem in the tourist industry.Journal of Travel and Tourism Marketing,1(1),81-88.
  17. Eliade, M.(1971).The myth of eternal return.Princeton, New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
  18. Ernawati, D. B.,Sugiarti, R.(2005).Developing an accessible tourist destination model for people with disability in Indonesia.Tourism Recreation Research,30(3),103-106.
  19. Feiertag, H.(1997).Industry needs to do more than the minimum with ADA.Hotel & Motel Management,212(6),15.
  20. Fodness, D.(1994).Measuring tourist motivation.Annals of Tourism Research,21(3),555-581.
  21. French, S.,J. Swan (Eds.),V. Finkelstein (Eds.),S. French (Eds.),M. Oliver (Eds.)(1993).Disabling barriers enabling environments.London:Sage.
  22. Gilbert, D.,Terrata, M.(2001).An exploratory study of factors of Japanese tourism demand for the UK.Internationol Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,13(2),70-78.
  23. Goodrich, J. N.(1991).An American study of tourism marketing: Impact of the Persian Gulf War.Journal of Travel Research,30(2),37-41.
  24. Heung, V. C. S.,Qu, H.,Chu, R.(2001).The relationship between vacation factors and socio-demographic and traveling characteristics: The case of Japanese leisure travelers.Tourism Management,22(3),259-269.
  25. Hine, J.,Mitchell, F.(2001).Better for everyone? Travel experiences and transport exclusion.Urban Studies,38(2),319-332.
  26. Holloway, J. C.(1981).The guided tour: A sociological approach.Annals of Tourism Research,8(3),377-402.
  27. Hornerman, L.,Carter, R. W.,Wei, S.,Ruys, H.(2002).Profiling the senior traveler An Australian perspective.Journal of Travel Research,41(1),23-37.
  28. Hycner, R. H.(1985).Some guidelines for the phenomenological analysis of interview data.Human Studies,8(3),279-303.
  29. Israeli, A. A.(2002).A preliminary investigation of the importance of site accessibility factors for disabled tourist.Journal of Travel Research,41(1),101-104.
  30. J. Swain (Eds.),V. Finkelstein (Eds.),S. French (Eds.),M. Oliver (Eds.)(1993).Disabling barriers enabling environments.London:Sage.
  31. Jackson, M. S.,White, G. N.,Schmierer, C. L.(1996).Tourism experiences within an attributional framework.Annals of Tourism Research,23(4),798-810.
  32. James, W.(1902).Varieties of religious experience: A study in human nature.New York:Random House.
  33. Kim, S. S.,Lee, C. K.,Klenosky, P. B.(2003).The influence of push and pull factors at Korean national parks.Tourism Management,24(2),169-180.
  34. Kozak, M.(2002).Comparative analysis of tourist motivations by nationality and destinations.Tourism Management,23(3),221-232.
  35. Lee, T. H.,Crompton, J.(1992).Measuring novelty seeking in tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,19(4),732-751.
  36. Lepp, A.,Gibson, H.(2003).Tourist roles, perceived risk and international tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,30(3),606-624.
  37. MacCannell, D.(1973).Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings.American Journal of Sociology,79(3),589-603.
  38. McGehee, N.,Loker-Murphy, L.,Uysal, M.(1996).The Australian international pleasure travel market: Motivations from a gendered perspective.The Journal of Tourism Studies,7(1),45-57.
  39. McGuire, F.(1984).A factor analytic study of leisure constraints in advanced adulthood.Leisure Sciences,6(3),313-326.
  40. McKercher, B.,Packer, T.,Yau, M. K.,Lam, P.(2003).Travel agents as facilitators or inhibitors of travel: Perceptions of people with disabilities.Tourism Management,24(4),465-474.
  41. Milman, A.(1998).The impact of tourism and travel experience on senior travelers' psychological well-being.Journal of Travel Reseorch,37(2),166-170.
  42. Moores, D. F.(1996).Educating the Deaf Psychology, principles, and practices.Boston:Houghton Miffkin Company.
  43. Murray, M.,Sproats, J.(1990).The disabled traveler: Tourism in Australia.Journal of Tourism Studies,1(1),9-14.
  44. Oh, H. C.,Uysal, M.,Weaver, P. A.(1995).Product bundles and market segments based on travel motivations: A canonical correlation approach.International Journal of Hospitality Management,14(2),123-137.
  45. Padden, C.,Humphries, T.(1988).Deaf in America: Voice from a culture.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
  46. Pearce, P. L.(1984).Tourist-guide interaction.Annals of Tourism Research,11(1),129-146.
  47. Prager, J. H.(1999).People with disabilities are next consumer niche.Wall Street Journal,1-2.
  48. Prentice, R.,Witt, S.,Hamer, C.(1998).Tourism as experience: The case of heritage parks.Annals of Tourism Research,25(1),1-24.
  49. Ray, N. M.,Ryder, M. B.(2003)."Ebilities" tourism: An exploratory discussion of the travel needs and motivations of the mobility-disabled.Tourism Management,24(1),57-72.
  50. Reisinger, Y.,Mavondo, F.(2005).Travel anxiety and intentions to travel internationally: Implications of travel risk perception.Journal of Travel Research,43(3),212-225.
  51. Richter, L. K.,Richter, W. L.(1999).Ethics challenges: Health, safety and accessibility in international travel and tourism.Public Personnel Management,28(4),595-615.
  52. Ryan, C.,Glendon, I.(1998).Application of leisure motivation scale to tourism.Annals of Tourism Research,25(1),169-184.
  53. Shaw, G.,Coles, T.(2004).Disability, holiday making and the tourism industry in the UK: A preliminary survey.Tourism Management,25(3),397-403.
  54. Sirakaya, B.,Uysal, M.,Yoshioka, C. F.(2003).Segmenting the Japanese tour market to Turkey.Journal of Travel Research,41(3),293-304.
  55. Smith, R.(1987).Leisure of tourist with a disability: Barriers to travel.Annals of Tourism Research,14(3),376-389.
  56. Sönmez, S. F.,Graefe, A. R.(1998).Determining future travel behavior from past travel experience and perceptions of risk and safety.Journal of Travel Research,37(1),171-177.
  57. Stumbo, N. J.,Pegg, S.(2005).Travelers and tourism with disabilities: A matter of priorities and loyalties.Tourism Review International,8(3),195-209.
  58. Swarbrooke, J.,Homer, S.(1999).Consumer behavior in tourism.Massachusetts:Butterworth Heinemann.
  59. Turco, D.,Stumbo, N.,Garncarz, J.(1998).Tourism constraints for people with disabilities.Parks and Recreation,33(9),78-84.
  60. Woods, L.(1992).Travelers with disabilities still face too many hurdles.Kiplinger's Finance Magazine,46(10),112-114.
  61. Woodward, J.(1972).Implications for sociolinguistics: Research among the Deaf.Sign Language Studies,1(1),1-7.
  62. Zhang, Q. H.,Lam, T.(1999).An analysis of Mainland Chinese visitors' motivations to visit Hong Kong.Tourism Management,20(5),587-594.
  63. 全國法規資料庫
  64. 內政統計月報
  65. 中華民國內政部統計處(2000)。台閩地區身心障礙者生活需求調查提要報告-醫療衛生保健服務篇。台北:內政部統計處。
  66. 中華民國96年國人旅遊狀況調查
  67. 身心障礙等級
  68. 林旭(2005)。寂靜之外。台北:左岸文化。
  69. 林瑞銘(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,中國文化大學觀光事業研究所。
  70. 張家綺(2004)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,世新大學觀光學研究所。
  71. 黃振富(1996)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台中,東海大學社會學研究所。
  72. 劉碧珠(2003)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,中國文化大學觀光事業研究所。
  73. 人類對香味的膜拜
  74. 鍾書得(1997)。碩士論文(碩士論文)。台北,國立師範大學衛生教育學系。
被引用次数
  1. 林耀盛、吳雅琴(2016)。寂靜之聲:聾人自我建構經驗的現象學心理學觀點。身心障礙研究,14(4),309-322。
  2. 彭西鄉(2021)。聽障者旅遊溝通之個案研究。戶外遊憩研究,34(2),81-110。
  3. (2024)。「你是外國人嗎?」:台灣聽障者的口音與身份誤認經驗。文化研究,38,57-91。