復癒性景觀知覺與效益量表驗證

An Exploratory Study on Restorative Landscape Perception and Benefit Measurement Scales

10.6130/JORS.202103_34(1).0003

黃皙芝(Hsi-Chih Huang)；李英弘(Ying-Hung Li)

注意力恢復理論 ； 復癒效益 ； 量表發展 ； Attention restoration theory ； Restorative benefits ； Scale development

戶外遊憩研究

34卷1期（2021 / 03 / 01）

65 - 98

繁體中文

本研究目的為驗證復癒知覺量表，與復癒效益量表。復癒知覺部份採用戴大為所提出的恢復性環境特徵量表，共19題；在復癒效益部份，經由文獻蒐集研擬出復癒效益量表，共20題。選擇台中慈濟醫院中庭為研究基地，依據復癒景觀設計準則，製作成4分鐘復癒景觀模擬影片，以逢甲大學在校學生進行實證研究，共643份有效樣本。透過驗證性因素分析結果顯示，復癒知覺四個構面對復癒知覺的影響程度，以構面延展性解釋力最高（λ= 0.93），最低為遠離性（λ= 0.85）；復癒效益四個構面對復癒效益的影響程度，以構面直接注意力之恢復解釋力最高（λ= 0.89），最低為認知上的平靜（λ= 0.61）。研究結果驗證復癒知覺量表以及復癒效益量表均具有信效度，可應用於後續相關研究中。

This study validates the restorative measurement scale and the restorative benefits scale. The restorative measurement scale comprising 19 questions was developed by Kaplan and Kaplan (1989) and revised by Dai Da Wei (2013). The scale for restorative benefits was developed by reviewing literature and produced 20 items. The study selected Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital as the research base. Based on the design criteria of the restored landscape, a four-minute restored landscape simulation film was produced, and data were collected from Feng Chia University students. A total of 643 valid questionnaires were obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for both scales; the restorative measurement scale retained 15 items, and the restorative benefits scale retained 11 items. Of the four dimensions for restoration, Extent had the most powerful ability (λ=0.93), and Being Away had a lower capability (λ=0.85); of the four dimensions for the restoration benefits, Recovery Directed Attention had the most powerful ability (λ=0.89), and Cognitive Quiet had a lower capability (λ=0.61). The results confirm the reliability and validity of the restorative measurement and restorative benefits scales for use in subsequent related studies.

1. 郭彰仁, C. J.,謝宗恒, C. H.,林尚鷁, S. Y.(2016)。視覺與非視覺環境偏好對景觀偏好與注意力恢復之影響-以溪頭自然教育園區為例。建築學報，97，99-118。
   連結：
2. 曾慈慧, T. H.,沈進成, C. C.,Collins, John R.,Chen, Jason Y.(2010)。遊客之休閒涉入、地方感與環境復癒知覺關係之研究：以美國德州大彎國家公園為例。新竹教育大學人文社會學報，3(2)，119-145。
   連結：
3. Hampe, G. D.,Noe, F. P.(1983).A study in the aesthetics of boundaries: Fences along a national parkway.Journal of Environmental Management,17(3),239-248.
4. Han, K. T.(2003).A reliable and valid self-rating measure of the restorative quality of natural environments.Landscape and Urban Planning,64(4),209-232.
5. Han, K.-T.(2007).Responses to Six Major Terrestrial Biomes in Terms of Scenic Beauty, Preference, and Restorativeness.Environment and Behavior,39(4),529-556.
6. Hardy, J.,Behe, B. K.,Barton, S. S.,Page, T. J.,Schutzki, R. E.,Muzii, K.,Fernandez, R. T.,Haque, M. T.,Brooker, J.,Hall, C. R.,Hinson, R.,Knight, P.,McNiel, R.,Rowe, D. B.,Safley, C.(2000).Consumers preferences for plant size, type of plant material and design sophistication in residential landscaping.Journal of Environmental Horticulture,18(4),224-230.
7. Hartig, T.,Evans, G. W.(1993).Psychological foundations of nature experience.Behavior and environment: Psychological and geographical approaches,North-Holland, Netherlands:
8. Hartig, T.,Kaiser, F. G.,Bowler, P. A.(1997).Further development of a measure of perceived environment restorativeness.Göteborg, Sweden:Uppsala University.
9. Hartig, T.,Korpela, K. M.,Evans, G. W.,Gäling, T.(1996).Validation of a measure of perceived of perceived environmental restorativeness.Göteborg University Psychological Report,26(7)
10. Herzog, T. R.,Black, A. M.,Fountaine, K. A.,Knotts, D. J.(1997).Reflection and attentional recovery as distinctive benefit of restorative environments.Journal of Environmental Psychology,17(2),165-170.
11. Herzog, T. R.,Maguire, P.,Nebel, M. B.(2003).Assessing the restorative components of environments.Journal of Environmental Psychology,23(2),159-170.
12. Hoyle, R. H.,Panter, A. T.(1995).Writing about structural Equation models.Structural equation modeling: Concepts, issues, and applications,Thousand Oaks, CA:
13. James, W.(1962).Psychology: The briefer course.New York:Collier Books.
14. Kaplan, R.,Kaplan, S.(1989).The experience of nature: A psychological perspective.New York:Nearby Nature.
15. Kaplan, S.(1995).The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework.Journal of Environmental Psychology,15(3),169-182.
16. Korpela, K.,Hartig, T.(1996).Restorative qualities of favorite places.Journal of Environmental Psychology,16(3),221-233.
17. Laumann, K.,Gärling, T.,Stormark, K. M.(2001).Rating scale measures of restorative components of environments.Journal of Environmental Psychology,21(1),31-44.
18. Marcus, C. C.,Barnes, M.(1995).Gardens in healthcare facilities: Uses, therapeutic benefits, and design recommendations.Concord, CA:Center for Health Design.
19. McDonald, R. P.,Ho, M. H. R.(2002).Principles and practice in reporting structural equation analyses.Psychological Methods,7(1),64-82.
20. Purcell, T.,Peron, E.,Berto, R.(2001).Why do preferences differ between scene types?.Environment and Behavior,33(1),93-106.
21. Schreiber, J. B.(2008).Core reporting practices in structural equation modeling.Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy,4(2),83-97.
22. Sheppard, S. R. J.(1989).Visual simulation: A user’s guide for architects, engineers, and planners.New York:Van Nostrand Rehinhold.
23. Stamps, A. E.(1990).Use of photographs to simulate environments: A meta-analysis.Perceptual and Motor Skills,71(3),907-913.
24. Todorova, A.,Asakawa, S.,Aikoh, T.(2004).Preferences for and attitudes towards street flowers and trees in Sapporo, Japan.Landscape and Urban Planning,69(4),403-416.
25. Torkzadeh, Koufteros,Pflughoeft(2003).Confirmatory analysis of computer self-efficacy.Structural Equation Modeling,10(2),263-275.
26. Ulrich, R. S.(1993).Biophilia, Biophobia, and Natural Landscapes.The biophilia hypothesis,Washington, DC:
27. 王彥力, Y. L.,李素馨, S. H.,黃嘉健, C. C.(2009)。邊緣環境之眺匿性心理反應研究。造園景觀學報，15(2)，19-36。
28. 周先捷, H. C.(2005)。臺中市=Taichung，靜宜大學觀光事業學系暨研究所=Department of Tourism, Providence University。
29. 洪菀伶, W. L.(2018)。臺中市=Taichung，逢甲大學景觀與遊憩碩士學位學程=Master’s Program of Landscape and Recreation。
30. 張俊彥, C. Y.,洪佳君, C. C.(2003)。景觀元素與生心理反應之研究。造園學報，9(2)，107-120。
31. 張俊彥, C. Y.,萬麗玲, L. L.(2000)。景觀型態對肌電值及注意力恢復能力之研究。造園景觀學報，7(1)，1-22。
32. 曾慈慧, T. H.(2003)。臺北市=Taipei，臺灣大學園藝學研究所=Department of Horticulture, National Taiwan University。
33. 曾慈慧, T. H.,凌德麟, D. L.,毛慧芬, H. F.(2002)。景觀環境的偏好、心理效益認知與生理反應關係之研究。造園學報，8(2)，45-66。
34. 戴大為, D. W.(2013)。臺中市=Taichung，逢甲大學景觀與遊憩碩士學位學程=Master’s Program of Landscape and Recreation。