题名

固定翼超輕型載具同乘飛行者刺激尋求、體驗價值與再訪意願關係之研究：兼論從SOR觀點分析冒險遊憩活動參與者

并列篇名

Study on the Relationships among the Sensation Seeking, Experience Value, and Revisit Intention of Fixed-Wing Ultra-Light Vehicle Passengers: Using the Perspective of the S-O-R Model to Analyze Adventure Recreation Participants

DOI

10.6130/JORS.202306_36(2).0003

作者

賴政豪(Cheng-Hao Lai)；余宗龍(Chung-Long Yu)；張祐誠(Yu-Cheng Chang)；徐尚偉(Shang-Wei Hsu)

关键词

輕航機 ； 休閒航空 ； 空域活動 ； 體驗行銷 ； Light aircraft ； Leisure aviation ； Airspace activities ； experience marketing

期刊名称

戶外遊憩研究

卷期/出版年月

36卷2期（2023 / 06 / 01）

页次

65 - 103

内容语文

繁體中文;英文
中文摘要

本研究應用S-O-R理論架構，欲瞭解固定翼超輕型載具活動參與者的刺激尋求、體驗價值與再訪意圖三者間的關係，並再次檢視S-O-R理論架構，依實證結果提出結論建議。本研究採用量化取徑，透過問卷進行資料收集，以曾經體驗過固定翼超輕型載具同乘的參與者為研究對象，採紙本搭配線上問卷進行便利抽樣。共回收244份（有效數241份，佔98.77％），經過結構方程模式分析後，本研究結論：（一）S（刺激）與R（反應）存在直接關係。（二）不同刺激尋求程度的參與者透過體驗價值會在再訪意圖上有顯著差別。本研究建議：（一）體驗提供者應著重在整體體驗環境的塑造。（二）建立安全的同乘飛行體驗是基本信念。（三）定期舉辦多元活動創造再次參與吸引力。
英文摘要

This study applied the theoretical framework of the stimuli-organism-response (S-O-R) to understand the relationships among sensation seeking, experience value, and revisit intention in participants who fly in ultralight aircrafts and propose relevant suggestions based on the empirical results. The study adopted a quantitative approach and conducted a survey for data collection. The research objects were participants who had flown in ultralight aircrafts and were selected via paper and online questionnaires based on convenience sampling. Two hundred and forty-four samples were collected (241 were valid, 98.77%). The data were analyzed by using SEM, and the conclusions were as follows: (1) The relationship of S (stimulus) and R (response) was identified according to the S-O-R theory. (2) There was a significant difference in revisit intentions via experience value between different levels of sensation-seeking participants in adventure recreation. Relevant suggestions were as follows: (1) Experience providers should focus on the experience shaping the overall environment. (2) Establishing a safe flying experience is the basic belief. (3) A variety of active or passive activities could be offered to create revisit intention.
主题分类 人文學 > 地理及區域研究
社會科學 > 體育學
参考文献
  1. 王正平, C. P,孫天佑, T. Y.(2015)。刺激尋求特性與危險知覺影響釣點選擇之研究：以東北角海岸磯釣為例。戶外遊憩研究，28(4)，35-62。
    連結：
  2. 王伯宇, P. Y.,吳崇旗, C. C.(2012)。冒險觀光市場區隔之探析。大專體育，123，17-24。
    連結：
  3. 呂謙, C.(2015)。飛行傘參與動機、冒險體驗與休閒效益之顯響。運動休閒管理學報，12(1)，69-84。
    連結：
  4. 巫喜瑞, C. H.,邱元煒, Y. W.,沈金信, C. H.(2019)。服務接觸中顧客真實性知覺對體驗價值與顧客反應之影響：以民宿業為例。觀光休閒學報，25(3)，301-334。
    連結：
  5. 林永森, Y. S.,張少熙, S. H.,黃文雄, W. S.,白女玲, R. L.(2020)。登山客熱情特質與流輰體驗遊憩心理模式之研究—兼論知覺風險之調節效果。戶外遊憩研究，33(1)，35-65。
    連結：
  6. 林淑瓊, S. C.,陳煇煌, H. H.,林衛國, W. K.,李品萱, P. H.(2018)。顧客消費體驗預期形成之心理模式：環境心理學觀點。電子商務學報，20(1)，33-63。
    連結：
  7. 秦時雋, S. C.,周軒逸, H. Y.(2020)。產品置入顯著度與幽默情境之效果：以Instagram 為例。電子商務學報，22(1)，87-128。
    連結：
  8. 張有恆, Y. H.,蘇恩偉, E. W.(2015)。國內超輕型載具管理問題與改善策略之研究。航空安全及管理季刊，2(1)，17-46。
    連結：
  9. 曹勝雄, S. H.,林濰榕, W. R.(2011)。冒險遊憩中的挑戰來源。戶外遊憩研究，24(1)，57-82。
    連結：
  10. 許嘉霖, C. L.,于立宸, L. C.,趙心怡, H. Y.(2019)。美容美妝線上品牌社群體驗如何增進使用者之體驗價值、態度及持續使用意圖。管理評論，38(4)，1-14。
    連結：
  11. 郭彰仁, C. J.,謝宗恒, C. H.,梁大慶, T. C.,黃千宜, C. Y.(2016)。體驗價值在鹿港老街真實性與場所依附因果關係之中介效果。戶外遊憩研究，29(2)，55-80。
    連結：
  12. 彭文力, W. L.,季力康, L. K.(2004)。以反轉理論探討優秀跳傘參與者刺激冒險尋求動機、覺醒、焦慮、情緒與跳傘表現之相關研究。大專體育學刊，6(1)，121-136。
    連結：
  13. 賀力行, L. H.,鍾政偉, C. W.,陳桓敦, H. T.(2005)。應用冒險模型探討飛行傘活動參與者行為之研究。觀光研究學報，11(4)，275-300。
    連結：
  14. 葉家成, C. C.,鄭溫暖, W. N.(2010)。刺激尋求構念之探討：研究與應用。中華體育季刊，24(1)，59-68。
    連結：
  15. 劉瓊如, C. R.,黃文雄, W. S.,簡佩平, P. P.,白如玲, R. L.(2019)。從農村餐廳體驗經濟觀點探討顧客記憶、餐廳依戀與餐廳忠誠之研究。觀光休閒學報，25(1)，103-131。
    連結：
  16. 戴有德, Y. D.,陳冠仰, K. Y.,李素馨, S. H.(2008)。遊憩涉入、場所依賴與場所認同因果關係之研究：以東豐綠色走廊遊憩自行車使用者為例。戶外遊憩研究，21(4)，27-57。
    連結：
  17. Abbott, L.(1955).Quality and competition.Columbia University Press.
  18. Addis, M.,Holbrook, M. B.(2001).On the conceptual link between mass customization and experiential consumption: An explosion of subjectivity.Journal of Consumer Behavior,1(1),150-66.
  19. Aluja, A.,Rossier, J.,García, L. F.,Angleitner, A.,Kuhlman, D. M.,Zuckerman, M.(2006).A cross-cultural form of the ZKPQ (ZKPQ-50-CC) adapted to English, French, German, and Spanish languages.Personality and Individual Differences,41,619-628.
  20. Arnett, J.(1994).Sensation seeking: A new conceptualization and a new scale.Personality and Individual Differences,16,289-296.
  21. Babin, B. J.,Darden, W. R.,Griffin, M.(1994).Work and/or fun: Measuring hedonic and utilitarian shopping value.Journal of Consumer Research,20(4),644-656.
  22. Bagozzi, R. P.,Yi, Y.(1988).On the evaluation of structural equation models.Academic of Marketing Science,16,676-94.
  23. Baker, D. A.,Crompton, J. L.(2000).Quality, satisfaction and behavioral intentions.Annals of Tourism Research,27(3),785-804.
  24. Bareta, D.,Greco, A.,Steca, P.(2017).Understanding performance in risky sport: The role of self-efficacy beliefs and sensation seeking in competitive freediving.Personality and Individual Differences,117,161-165.
  25. Barnes, S.,Mattsson, J.,Sørensen, F.,Jensen, F.(2020).The mediating effect of experiential value on tourist outcomes from encounter-based experiences.Journal of Travel Research,59(2),367-380.
  26. Bigne, E.,Chatzipanagiotou, K.,Ruiz, C.(2020).Pictorial content, sequence of conflicting online reviews and consumer decision-making: The stimulus-organism-response model revisited.Journal of Business Research,115,403-416.
  27. Bollen, A.(1989).Structural equations with latent variables.Wiley.
  28. Boyle, G.(Ed.),Saklofske, D.(Ed.),Matthews, G.(Ed.)(2015).Measures of personality and social psychological constructs.Academic Press.
  29. Breivik, G.,Sand, T. S.,Sookermany, A. M.(2019).Risk-taking and sensation seeking in military contexts: A literature review.SAGE Open,9(1)
  30. Breivik, G.,Sand, T. S.,Sookermany, A. M.(2017).Sensation seeking and risk-taking in the Norwegian population.Personality and Individual Differences,119,266-272.
  31. Chang, K. C.(2015).How travel agency reputation creates recommendation behavior.Industrial Management & Data Systems,115(2),332-352.
  32. Chang, W. J.,Liao, S. H.,Chung, Y. C.,Chen, H. P.(2018).Service quality, experiential value and repurchase intention for medical cosmetology clinic: Moderating effect of Generation.Total Quality Management & Business Excellence,31(9-10),1077-1097.
  33. Chen, C. F.,Chen, F. S.(2010).Experience quality, perceived value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions for heritage tourists.Tourism Management,31,29-35.
  34. Chen, X.,Cheng, Z. F.,Kim, G. B.(2020).Make it memorable: Tourism experience, fun, recommendation and revisit intentions of Chinese outbound tourists.Sustainability,12(5),1904.
  35. Chen, Z.,Kin, B.,Suntikul, W.(2019).Festivalscapes and the visitor experience: An application of the stimulus organism response approach.International Journal of Tourism Research,21(6),758-771.
  36. Cheng, W.,Tsai, H.,Chuang, H.,Lin, P.,Ho, T.(2020).How can emerging event sustainably develop in the tourism industry? From the perspective of the S-O-R model on a two-year empirical study.Sustainability,12(23),10075.
  37. Cheung, G. W.,Rensvold, R. B.(2002).Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for measurement invariance.Structural Equation Modeling,9(2),233-255.
  38. Cheung, M. W. L.(2009).Comparison of methods for constructing confidence intervals of standardized indirect effects.Behavior Research Methods,41,425-438.
  39. Chiang, C. H.(2018).Experiential value affects purchase intentions for online-to-offline goods: Consumer feedback as a mediator.Journal of Marketing Management,6(2),10-24.
  40. Chien, M. C.(2016).An empirical study on the effect of attractiveness of ecotourism destination on experiential value and revisit intention.Applied Ecology and Environmental Research,15(2),43-53.
  41. Chien, P. M.,Sharifpour, M.,Ritchie, B. W.,Watson, B.(2017).Travelers’ health risk perceptions and protective behavior: A psychological approach.Journal of Travel Research,56(6),744-759.
  42. Cloninger, C. R.(Ed.),Svrakic, D. M.(Ed.),Bayón, C.(Ed.),Przybeck, T. R.(Ed.)(1999).Personality and Psychopathology.Psychiatric Press.
  43. Cohen, R.,Baluch, B.,Duffy, L. J.(2018).Defining extreme sport: Conceptions and misconceptions.Frontiers in Psychology,9,1974.
  44. Doll, W. J.,Xia, W.,Torkzadeh, G.(1994).A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument.MIS Quarterly,18(4),453-461.
  45. Enrique Bigné, J.,Mattila, A. S.,Andreu, L.(2008).The impact of experiential consumption cognitions and emotions on behavioral intentions.Journal of Services Marketing,22(4),303-315.
  46. Ewert, A.,Hollenhorst, S.(1998).Testing the adventure model: Empirical support for a model of risk recreation participation.Journal of Leisure Research,21(2),124-139.
  47. Fornell, C.,Larcker, D. F.(1981).Evaluating structural equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error.Journal of Marketing Research,18,39-50.
  48. Fu, Y. K.,Wang, W. J.(2020).Experiential value influences authentic happiness and behavioral intention: Lessons from Taiwan’s tourism accommodation sector.Tourism Review,76(1),289-303.
  49. Gallarza, M. G.,Arteaga, F.,Del Chiappa, G.,Gil-Saura, I.(2015).Value dimensions in consumers’ experience: Combining the intra-and inter-variable approaches in The hospitality sector.International Journal of Hospitality Management,47,140-150.
  50. Hair, J. F.,Black, W. C.,Babin, B. J.,Anderson, R. E.,Tatham, R. L.(2006).Multivariate data analysis.Prentice.
  51. He, Z,Wu, L.,Li, X.(2018).When art meets tech: The role of augmented reality in enhancing museum experiences and purchase intentions.Tourism Management,68,127-139.
  52. Holbrook, M. B.(1996).Customer value: A framework for analysis and research.Advances in Consumer Research,23(1),138-142.
  53. Holbrook, M. B.(1994).The nature of customer value: An axiology of services in The consumption experience.Service quality: New directions in theory and practice
  54. Hoyle, R. H.,Stephenson, M. T.,Palmgreen, P.,Lorch, E. P.,Donohew, R. L.(2002).Reliability and validity of a brief measure of sensation seeking.Personality and Individual Differences,32,401-414.
  55. Jang, S. M.,Sohn, S.,Yu, M.(2018).Perceived stress, alcohol consumption, and internet use among Korean college students: Does sensation-seeking matter?.Children and Youth Services Review,88,354-360.
  56. Kim, J.,Park, J.(2019).The effect of airport self-service characteristics on passengers’ perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioral intention: Based on the SOR Model.Sustainability,11(19),5352.
  57. Kim, M. J.,Lee, C. K.,Jung, T.(2020).Exploring consumer behavior in virtual reality tourism using an extended stimulus-organism-response model.Journal of Travel Research,59(1),69-89.
  58. Kim, Y. H.,Duncan, J.,Chung, B. W.(2015).Involvement, satisfaction, perceived value, and revisit intention: A case study of a food festival.Journal of Culinary Science & Technology,13(2),133-158.
  59. Kline, R. B.(2005).Principles and practice of structural equation modeling.Guilford.
  60. Lau, R. S.,Cheung, G. W.(2012).Estimating and comparing specific mediation effects in complex latent variable models.Organizational Research Methods,15(1),3-16.
  61. Lee, J. S.,Lee, C. K.,Choi, Y.(2011).Examining the role of emotional and functional values in festival evaluation.Journal of Travel Research,50(6),685-696.
  62. Lee, Y. J.(2021).Tourist behavioural intentions in ghost tourism: The case of Taiwan.International Journal of Tourism Research,23(5),958-970.
  63. Leri, I.,Theodoridis, P.(2019).The effects of the winery visitor experience on emotions, satisfaction and on post-visit behaviour intentions.Tourism Review,74(3),480-502.
  64. Li, F.,Wen, J.,Ying, T.(2018).The influence of crisis on tourists’ perceived destination image and revisit intention: An exploratory study of Chinese tourists on North Korea.Journal of Destination Marketing & Management,9,104-111.
  65. Lu, A. Y. L.,Yang, C. H.,Lin, Y. H.(2014).Development strategies of ultralight aviation in Taiwan.Journal of Aeronautics, Astronautics and Aviation,46(1),27-40.
  66. Lv, X.,Li, C. S.,McCabe, S.(2020).Expanding theory of tourists’ destination loyalty: The role of sensory impressions.Tourism Management,77,104026.
  67. Lydon-Staley, D. M.,Geier, C. F.(2018).Age-varying associations between cigarette smoking, sensation seeking, and impulse control through adolescence and young adulthood.Journal of Research on Adolescence,28(2),354-367.
  68. Mathwick, C.,Malhotra, N.,Rigdon, E.(2001).Experiential value: Conceptualization, measurement and application in the catalog and Internet shopping environment.Journal of Retailing,77(1),39-56.
  69. Mehrabian, A.,Russell., J. A.(1974).An approach to environmental psychology.MIT Press.
  70. Meleddu, M.,Paci, R.,Pulina, M.(2015).Repeated behaviour and destination loyalty.Tourism Management,50,159-171.
  71. Meng, B.,Chu, M.(2020).The role of co-creation experience in forming tourists’ revisit intention to home-based accommodation: Extending the theory of planned behavior.Tourism Management Perspectives,33,100581.
  72. Mohammad, J.,Quoquab, F.,Thurasamy, R.,Alolayyan, M. N.(2020).The effect of user-generated content quality on brand engagement: The mediating role of functional and emotional values.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,21(1),39-55.
  73. Nunnally, J. C.(1978).Psychometric theory.McGraw-Hill.
  74. Oliver, R. L.(1999).Whence consumer loyalty?.Journal of Marketing,63,33-44.
  75. Park, S.,Stangl, B.(2020).Augmented reality experiences and sensation seeking.Tourism Management,77,104023.
  76. Paulauskaite, D.,Powell, R.,Coca-Stefaniak, J. A.,Morrison, A. M.(2017).Living like a local: Authentic tourism experiences and the sharing economy.International Journal of Tourism Research,19(1),619-628.
  77. Pechorro, P.,Castro, A.,Hoyle, R. H.,Simões, M. R.(2018).The brief sensation-seeking scale: Latent structure, reliability, and validity from a sample of youths at-risk for delinquency.Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice,18(2),99-113.
  78. Pine, B.,Gilmore, J.(1998).Welcome to the experience economy.Harvard Business Review,76,97-105.
  79. Pine, B.,Gilmore, J.(1999).The experience economy: Works is theatre and every business a stage.Harvard Business Press.
  80. Pizam, A.,Reichel, A.,Uriely, N.(2001).Sensation seeking and tourist behavior.Journal of Hospitality & Leisure Marketing,9(3-4),17-33.
  81. Prestage, G.,Hammoud, M.,Lea, T.,Jin, F.,Maher, L.(2017).Measuring drug use sensation-seeking among Australian gay and bisexual men.International Journal of Drug Policy,49,73-79.
  82. Qureshi, I.,Compeau, D.(2009).Assessing between-group differences in information systems research: A comparison of covariance- and component- SEM.MIS Quarterly,33(1),197-214.
  83. Raggiotto, F.,Scarpi D.(2021).This must be the place: A destination-loyalty model for extreme sporting events.Tourism Management,83,104254.
  84. Raggiotto, F.,Scarpi D.(2019).Living on the edge: Psychological drivers of athletes’ intention to re-patronage extreme sporting events.Sport Management Review,23(2),229-241.
  85. Reardon, K. W.,Wang, M.,Neighbors, C.,Tackett, J. L.(2019).The personality context of adolescent gambling: Better explained by the big five or sensation-seeking?.Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment,41(1),69-80.
  86. Schmitt, B.(1999).Experiential marketing.Journal of Marketing Management,15(1-3),53-67.
  87. Schroth, M. L.,McCormack, W. A.(2000).Sensation seeking and need for achievement among study-abroad students.The Journal of Social Psychology,140(4),533-535.
  88. Sharifpour, M.,Walters, G.,Ritchie, B.(2013).The mediating role of sensation seeking on the relationship between risk perceptions and travel behavior.Tourism Analysis,18,543-557.
  89. So, K. K. F. S.,Kim, H.,Oh, H.(2021).What makes Airbnb experiences enjoyable? The effects of environmental stimuli on perceived enjoyment and repurchase intention.Journal of Travel Research,60(5),1018-1038.
  90. Sundbo, J.(Ed.),Sørensen, F.(Ed.)(2013).Handbook on the experience economy.Edward Elgar.
  91. Swarbrooke, J.,Beard, C.,Leckie, S.,Pomfret, G.(2003).Adventure tourism: The new frontier.Butterworth-Heinemann.
  92. Tabachnick, B. G.,Fidell, S.(2001).Using Multivariate Statistics.Allyn & Bacon.
  93. Tinsley, H. E. A.,Tinsley, D. J.(1987).Uses of factor analysis in counseling psychology research.Journal of Counseling Psychology,34(4),414-424.
  94. Tomlinson, A.,Ravenscroft, N.,Wheaton, B.,Gilchrist, P.(2005).Lifestyle sports and national sport policy: An agenda for research.Sport England.
  95. Um, S.,Chon, K.,Ro, Y.(2006).Antecedents of revisit intention.Annals of Tourism Research,33(4),1141-1158.
  96. Varshneya, G.,Das, G.,Khare, A.(2017).Experiential value: A review and future research directions.Marketing Intelligence & Planning,35(3),339-357.
  97. Vesci, M.,Botti, A.(2019).Festival quality, theory of planned behavior and revisiting intention: Evidence from local and small Italian culinary festivals.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,38,5-15.
  98. Wang, D.,Kotsi, F.,Pike, S.,Yao, J.(2021).Stopover destination loyalty: The influence of perceived ambience and sensation seeking tendency.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,47,159-166.
  99. Wang, J.,Wang, X.(2019).Structural equation modeling: Applications using Mplus.John Wiley & Sons.
  100. Whitehead, J. C.,Wicker, P.(2018).Estimating willingness to pay for a cycling event using a willingness to travel approach.Tourism Management,65,160-169.
  101. Williams, P.,Soutar, G. N.(2009).Value, satisfaction and behavioral intentions in an adventure tourism context.Annals of Tourism Research,36(3),413-438.
  102. Williams, P.,Soutar, G.,Ashill, N. J.,Naumann, E.(2017).Value drivers and adventure tourism a comparative analysis of Japanese and western consumers.Journal of Service Theory and Practice,27(1),102-122.
  103. Wu, H. C.,Cheng, C. C.,Ai, C. H.(2018).A study of experiential quality, experiential value, trust, corporate reputation, experiential satisfaction and behavioral intentions for cruise tourists: The case of Hong Kong.Tourism Management,66,200-220.
  104. Yang, Z.,Peterson, R. T.(2004).Customer perceived value, satisfaction, and loyalty: The role of switching costs.Psychology & Marketing,21(10),799-822.
  105. Zhai, X.,Wang, M.,Ghani, U.(2019).The SOR (stimulus-organism-response) paradigm in online learning: An empirical study of students’ knowledge hiding perceptions.Interactive Learning Environments,28(5),586-601.
  106. Zhang, H.,Wu, Y.,Buhalis, D.(2018).A model of perceived image, memorable tourism experiences and revisit intention.Journal of Destination Marketing & Management,8,326-336.
  107. Zhang, H.,Xu, H.(2019).A structural model of liminal experience in tourism.Tourism Management,71,84-98.
  108. Zhang, X.,Qu, X.,Tao, D.,Xue, H.(2019).The association between sensation seeking and driving outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Accident Analysis & Prevention,123,222-234.
  109. Zuckerman, M.(2008).Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ): An operational definition of the alternative five factorial model of personality.The SAGE handbook of personality theory and assessment: Personality Measurement and Testing (Vol.2)
  110. Zuckerman, M.(1996).The psychobiological model for impulsive unsocialized sensation seeking: A comparative approach.Neuropsychobiology,34(3),125-129.
  111. Zuckerman, M.(1983).Sensation seeking and sports.Personality and Individual Differences,4(3),285-292.
  112. Zuckerman, M.(1983).Experience and desire: A new format for sensation seeking scales.Journal of Behavioral Assessment,6(2),101-114.
  113. Zuckerman, M.,Kolin, E. A.,Price, L.,Zoob, I.(1964).Development of A sensation-seeking scale.Journal of Consulting Psychology,28(6),477-482.
  114. 立法院, Republic of China (Taiwan)(2003)。,未出版
  115. 交通部民用航空局(2021)。超輕型載具管理辦法。網址：https://www.caa.gov.tw/ContentAndMorefiles.aspx?a=1309&lang=1 Civil Aeronautics Administration, MOTC. Regulations of ultralight vehicle. https://www.caa.gov.tw/ContentAndMorefiles.aspx?a=1309&lang=1
  116. 交通部民用航空局(2022)。可供超輕型載具使用之活動場地資料。網址：ttps://www.caa.gov.tw/Article.aspx?a=2160&lang=1 Civil Aeronautics Administration, MOTC. The legal venue information of ultralight aircraft. https://www.caa.gov.tw/Article.aspx?a=2160&lang=1
  117. 張偉豪, W. H.(2011).論文寫作SEM不求人.鼎茂=Tingmao.
  118. 許家禎, C. C.(2007)。南台科技大學休閒事業管理學系=Department of Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Management, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology。
  119. 許書耕, S. K.,賴威伸, W. S.,呂蕙美, H. M.,盧衍良, A. Y. L.,葉文健, W. C.,尹相隆, S. L.,賴金和, C. H.,凌鳳儀, F. Y.,姜佳瑗, C. Y.(2018).我國普通航空業發展及經營環境改善之研究.交通部運輸研究所=Institute of transportation.
  120. 陳文秀, W. H.,朱鎮明, C. M.,陳文正, W. C.(2016)。台灣地區熱氣球觀光活動之政策轉移分析。休閒觀光與運動健康學報，6(4)，75-101。
  121. 陳寬裕, K. Y.,王正華, C. H.(2018).結構方程模型：運用AMOS分析.五南=Wu-Nan.
  122. 黃幹忠, K. C.(2013)。教育部體育署運動產業專題研究計畫教育部體育署運動產業專題研究計畫,教育部體育署=Sports Administration, MOE。
print cancel