英格蘭宗教改革後的服從論述

Discourse of Obedience after the English Reformation

10.6253/ntuhistory.2005.36.08

李若庸(Juo-Yung Lee)

聖寵朝聖行 ； 服從理論 ； 英格蘭宗教改革 ； 庭戴爾 ； Pilgrimage of Grace ； theory of obedience ； English Reformation ； William Tyndale

臺大歷史學報

36期（2005 / 12 / 01）

317 - 356

繁體中文

英格蘭宗教改革後，亨利八世政府陷入一個前所未有的困境。原本以順服著稱的英格蘭民眾，因為對宗教與經濟政策的不滿，迅速且自發地集結。一五三六年的「聖寵朝聖行」(the Pilgrimage of Grace)，在民眾的自我定位上是一次「集體的請願活動」，是民眾向統治者君王的陳情。但這個自十四世紀以來規模最大的群眾集結，很可能演變成為真正的武裝叛亂。對於軍事武力有限的亨利政權而言，及時建立一套論述「說服」民眾棄甲返家，至為重要。宗教改革以後，原本依附在羅馬天主教會下的服從理論出現了縫隙，亨利政府急需重塑其服從論述來為其政權背書、庭戴爾(William Tyndale)的服從理論適時滿足了亨利政府的需要，亨利政府技巧地「借用」庭戴爾的論點，讓英格蘭民眾在國教會的架構下，重新尋回服從的宗教意義。「聖寵朝聖行」此一危機的化解，是服從論述發揮說服功能的證明；亨利政權化解危機的能力在歷史上留下深刻的印記。「聖寵朝聖行」的解散，為亨利八世順利推動「官方宗教改革」寫下一記精闢的註腳。

Henry Ⅷ (r. 1509~1547) faced a crisis unprecedented after the English Reformation. The English subjects, known for their obedience, voluntarily gathered to demonstrate their dissatisfaction with Henry's religious and economic policies. In the Pilgrimage of Grace of 1536, the 'rebels' considered themselves as 'pilgrims', whose holy pilgrimage was to seek the King's grace. This largest 'gathering' since the Peasants' revolt in 1381 could have turned into a rebellion, if the Tudor king, lacking military forces, has failed to persuade his subjects. After the Reformation, Henry was urgently in need of a new theory of order and obedience to replace the old one, which was based on the worldview of Catholicism, William Tyndale's theory of non-resistance fulfilled the needs of King Henry. The pilgrimage was dissolved under the grace of the King. Tudor regime's capacity for crisis solving is impressive. The dissolution of the Pilgrimage of Grace explains the comparatively smooth Reformation in England.

1. (1984).The Reformation and the English People.
2. Alsop, J. D.(1984).Innovation in Tudor Taxation.The English Historical Review,99
3. Alsop, J. D.(1982).The English Historical Review.
4. Anderson, Marvin W.(1986).William Tyndale. D. 1536: A Martyr for All Seasons.Sixteenth Century Journal,17(3),331-352.
5. Beer, Barrett L.(1988).John Stow and Tudor Rebellions, 1549-1569.The Journal of British Studies,27(4),352-374.
6. Beier, A. L.(1983).The Problem of the Poor in Tudor and Early Stuart England.
7. Berkowitz, David Snadler(1984).Humanist Scholarship and Public Order: Two Tracts against the Pil-grimage of Grace by Sir Richard Morison.
8. Berkowitz, David Snadler(1984).Humanist Scholarship and Public Order: Two Tracts against the Pil-grimage of Grace by Sir Richard Morison.
9. Bernard, G. W.(1998).The Making of Religious Policy, 1533-1546: Henry VIII and the Search for the Middle Way.The Historical Journal,41(2),321-349.
10. Bowker, Margaret(1975).The Supremacy and the Episcopate: The Struggle for Control, 1534-1540.The Historical Journal,18(2),227-243.
11. Brewer, J. S.(1862).Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII.
12. Brustein, William(1985).Class Conflict and Class Collaboration in Regional Rebellions, 1500-1700.Theory and Society,14(4),445-468.
13. Brustein, William(1987).The Geography of Rebellion: Rulers, Rebels, and Regions, 1500 to 1700.Theory and Society,16(4),647-695.
14. Bush, Michael D.(1990).Enhancements and Importunate Charges: An Analysis of the Tax Complaints of October 1536.Albion,22,403-420.
15. Bush, Michael D.(1996).The Pilgrimage of Grace: A Study of the Rebel Armies of October 1536.
16. Bush, Michael D.(1991).‘Up for the Commonwealth’: The Significance of Tax Grievances in the English Rebellions of 1536.The English Historical Review,106,299-318.
17. Danner, Dan G.(1977).Christopher Goodman and the English Protestant Tradition of Civil Disobedience.Sixteenth Century Journal,8(3),60-73.
18. Davies, C. S. L.(1968).The Pilgrimage of Grace Reconsidered.Past and Present,41
19. Davies, C. S. L.(1985).Order and Disorder in Early Modern England.
20. Dickens, A. G.(1989).The English Reformation.
21. Dodds, Madeleine(1915).The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536-7, and Exeter Conspiracy 1538.
22. Ellis, Steven G.(1992).A Border Baron and the Tudor State: The Rise and Fall of Lord Dacre of the North.The Historical Journal,35(2)
23. Elton, G. R.(1972).Policy and Police: The Enforcement of the Reformation in the Age of Thomas Cromwell.
24. Elton, G. R.(1980).After the Reformation: Essays in Honor of J. H. Hexter.
25. Field, Sean(2002).Devotion, Discontent, and the Henrician Reformation: The Evidence of the Robin Hood Stories.The Journal of British Studies,41(1),6-22.
26. Fletcher, Anthony(1983).Tudor Rebellions.
27. Greaves, Richard L.(1982).Concepts of political Obedience in Late Tudor England: Conflicting Perspectives.The Journal of British Studies,22(1),23-34.
28. Greaves, Richard L.(1976).John Knox, the Reformed Tradition, and the Development of Resistance Theory.Journal of Modern History,48(3),1-36.
29. Gunn, S. J.(1989).Peers, Commons and Gentry in the Lincolnshire Revolt of 1536.Past and Present,123,52-79.
30. Haigh, Christopher(1993).The English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society under the Tudors.
31. Haigh, Christopher(1975).Reformation and Resistance in Tudor Lancashire and the Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Tudor Lancashire and the Last Days of the Lancashire Monasteries and the Pilgrimage of Grace.
32. Harriss, G. L.(1978).Thomas Cromewell's ‘New Principle of Taxation’.The English Historical Review,93,721-738.
33. Hass, Stephen(1979).Henry VIII's Glasse of truth.History,64,353-362.
34. Hass, Stephen(1977).The Disputatio inter clericum et militem: was Berthelet's 1531 edition the first Henrician polemic of Thomas Cromwell?.Moreana,14(55),65-72.
35. Hass, Stephen(1980).Martin Luther's ‘Divine right’ kingship and the royal supremacy: two tracts from 1531 parliament and convocation of the clergy.Journal of Ecclesiastical History,31,317-325.
36. Hoyle, R. W(1995).The Origins of the Dissolution of the Monasteries.The Historical Journal,38(2),275-305.
37. Hoyle, R. W(1986).The First Earl of Cumberland: A Reputation Reassessed.Northern History,22,63-94.
38. Hoyle, R. W(1987).An Ancient and Laudable Custom: The Definition and Development of Tenant Right in North-Western England in the Sixteenth Century.Past and Present,116,24-55.
39. Ives, E. W.(1967).The Genesis of the Statute of Uses.The English Historical Review,82,673-697.
40. James, Mervyn(1986).Society, Politics and culture: Studies in Early Modern England.
41. Knowles, D.(1976).Bare Ruined Choirs.
42. Knowles, D.(1955).The Religious orders in England.
43. Noonkester, Myron C.(1992).Dissolution of the Monasteries and the Decline of the Sheriff.Sixteenth Century Journal,23(4),677-698.
44. Palmer, William J.(2000).Scenes from Provincial Life: History, Honor, and Meaning in the Tudor North.Renaissance Quarterly,53(2),425-448.
45. Pole, Reginald(1536).Pro ecclesiasticae unitatis defensione.
46. Rex, Richard(1996).The Crisis of Obedience: God's World and Henry's Reformation.The Historical Journal,39(4),863-894.
47. Richardson, W. C.(1961).History of the Court of Augmentations, 1536-1554.
48. Robertson, Mary L.(1990).Profit and Purpose in the Development of Thomas Cromwell's Landed Estates.The Journal of British Studies,29(4),317-346.
49. Scarisbrick, J. J.(1968).Henry VIII.
50. Schofield, R. S.(1988).Law and Government under the Tudors.
51. Slack, Paul(2003).Poverty and Policy in Tudor and Stuart England.
52. Smith, R.(1970).Land and Politics in the England of Henry VIII.
53. Tyndale, William(2000).The Obedience of a Christian Man.
54. Whiting, Robert(1989).The Blind Devotion of the People: Popular Religion and the English Reformation.
55. Wollman, David H.(1982).The Biblical Justification for Resistance to Authority in Ponet's and Goodman's Polemic.Sixteenth Century Journal,13(4),29-41.
56. Youings, J.(1971).The Dissolution of the Monasteries.
57. Zeeveld, W. G.(1948).Foundations of Tudor Policy.

1. 李若庸(2012)。巴頓案與亨利八世的言論控制。臺灣師大歷史學報，48，281-325。
2. (2017)。亨利八世的佈道管控與輿論偵防。新史學，28(2)，1-64。
3. (2021)。亨利八世的修院整頓。新史學，32(2)，57-123。