英文摘要
|
Hui-ning (會寧) was made the Supreme Capital (Shang-jing, 上京) of the Jurchen Jin dynasty by the second emperor, Tai-zong (太宗, r.1123-1235). Along with the construction of the palaces and government buildings, was the establishment of the imperial institution. Shang-jing and the surrounding area was the heartland of the Jurchen Chin regime, until the fourth emperor, Hai-ling (海陵, r.1149-1161), moved the capital to Yan-jing (燕京) in North China in 1153. Yan-jing was named Central Capital (Zhong-du, 中都), and Shang-jing's status was downgraded. Hai-ling also forced many Jurchen princes and their meng-an mou-k'e (猛安謀克) to move to North China. It severed the close connection between the Jurchen polity and their native land. The fifth emperor, Shi-zong (世宗, r.1161-1189), chose to take control of the imperial seat in Zhong-du, but restored the status of Shang-jing for its significance to the Jurchen people and its pivotal location in the defense system in the border region. This pivotal status was lost in the reign of the sixth emperor, Zhang-zong (章宗, r. 1189-1208), because a different strategy was adopted to confront the challenges of the Mongols. Shang-jing and the surrounding area fell into the hands of a Khitan rebel after Chinggis Khan's first attack in 1211. This made the Jurchens' retreat to their homeland impossible.
When comparing the Jurchens to the Khitans and the Mongols, scholars tend to stress the impact of adopting Chinese political institutions on the later development of these three people after their regimes ended in China. A detailed account of the changing roles of Shang-jing should help to clarify how other aspects of the development of the Jurchen polity affected the history of the Chin dynasty.
|
参考文献
|
-
徐秉愉(2004)。金代女真進士科制度的建立及其對女真政權的影響。臺大歷史學報,33
連結:
-
徐秉愉、宋史座談會編(2005)。宋史研究集·第三十五輯。臺北:蘭臺出版社。
連結:
-
元脫脫(1975)。金史。北京:中華書局。
-
宋傳宇文懋昭撰、崔文印校證(1986)。〈大金國志〉校證。北京:中華書局。
-
明宋濂(1975)。元史。北京:中華書局。
-
Franke, Herbert.,Denis Twichett (eds.)(1994).The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 6 Alien regimes and border states, 907-1368.Cambridge UK:Cambridge University Press.
-
Wittfogel, Karl A.,Feng Chia-sheng(1949).History of Chinese Society: Liao (907-1125).Philadelphia:The American Philosophical Society.
-
三上次男(1970)。金史研究二:金代政治制度の研究。東京:中央公論美術。
-
三上次男(1972)。金史研究一:金代女真社會の研究。東京:中央公論美術。
-
王國維(1975)。觀堂集林。臺北:河洛出版社。
-
王國維(1975)。觀堂集林。臺北:河洛出版社。
-
王國維(1975)。觀堂集林。臺北:河洛出版社。
-
王慎榮、趙嗚岐(1990)。東夏史。天津:天津古籍出版社。
-
北京市文物工作隊(1983)。北京金墓發掘簡報>。北京文物與考古,1
-
外山軍治(1979)。金朝史研究。京都:同朋社。
-
李心傳(1968)。建炎以來繫年要錄。臺北:文海出版社。
-
徐秉愉(2001)。金世宗時期女真民族的危機―金世宗女真政策的背景。漢學研究,19(2)
-
徐夢莘(1962)。三朝北盟會編。臺北:文海出版社。
-
陶晉生(2003)。女真史論。臺北:稻鄉出版社。
-
陶晉生(1971)。邊疆史研究集―宋金時期。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。
-
景愛(1991)。金上京。北京:三聯書店。
-
景愛(2006)。中國長城史。上海:上海人民出版社。
-
華山(1982)。宋史論集。濟南:齊魯書社。
-
黃寬重(1988)。南宋時代抗金的義軍。臺北:聯經出版事業公司。
-
趙冬暉、陳述主編(1987)。遼金史論集。北京:書目文獻出版社。
-
劉浦江(1999)。遼金史論。瀋陽:遼寧大學出版社。
-
劉浦江(1999)。遼金史論。瀋陽:遼寧大學出版社。
-
劉浦江(1999)。遼金史論。瀋陽:遼寧大學出版社。
-
箭內互(1966)。蒙古史研究。東京:刀江書院。
|