魏晉「方正不阿」及「與世委蛇」之人物論述的探索－從余嘉錫箋疏《世說新語》所揭示之兩種甯武子之愚談起

Discourse on the Wei-Jin Characters of Fangzhengbue and Yushiweiyi: A Study Based on Two Types of Foolishness as Revealed in Yu Jiaxi's Commentaries on Shishou Xinyu

10.6281/NTUCL.2008.29.05

吳冠宏(Kuan-Hung Wu)

余嘉錫 ； 方正 ； 委蛇 ； 人物代稱 ； 經典詮釋 ； Jiaxi Yu ； fangzhcng rightcousncss ； wucishc crookcdncss ； charactcrs ； intcrprctations of classics

臺大中文學報

29期（2008 / 12 / 01）

157 - 191

繁體中文

本文依余嘉錫對「甯武子」之兩種理解的線索，從筆者以往掘發之兩種甯武子形象－「佯愚晦智」與「不避艱險」所形成之魏晉人與宋儒朱熹的參照系譜出發，以作爲切入余氏人物論述的重要視窗，由是透過「從不避艱險到方正不阿」與「從佯愚晦智到與世委蛇」這兩個面向的連結，延伸至余氏《世說新語箋疏》中有關「方正不阿」及「與世委蛇」之人物論述的探索，並由此突顯余氏箋疏《世說新語》的詮釋殊趣及價值向度。 經由余氏《世說新語箋疏》之部分與整體的詮釋對話，不僅可以進一步反省其箋疏之向度乃以宋學精神對治魏晉文化之得失，亦得以具體印證從「人物代稱」到「經典詮釋」之學術進路的方法效應，最後本文更將「方正不阿」及「與世委蛇」這兩種生命典型重新置於思想及文化的脈絡裡來進行反思，以充分體現筆者多年來綰合人物與思想的學術關懷。

Based on Yu Jiaxi's two readings of Ning Wuzi, this article explores his discourse on people and characters by drawing upon the present author's previous studies on the two images of Ning Wuzi-”being a wise fool” and ”bracing oneself for difficulties.” As the author argues in previous studies, the two images together form a generic contrast to Zhu Xi and other Song Confucians. In this article, the author embarks a further investigation to trace the links between two transitions: from ”bracing oneself for difficulties” to fangzhengbue (straightness and righteousness), and from ”being a wise fool” to yushiweishe (following the crookedness of the world). By way of reconstructing these links, the article would like to extend previous discussions to Yu's discourse on fangzhengbue and yushiweishe as embedded in his Commentaries on Shishou Xinyu. In doing so, it also intends to show Yu's interpretive strategies and vision of values. From Yu's interpretative remarks in Commentaries on Shishou Xinyu, whether taken separately or as a whole, we can discern his basic interpretative stance-he investigated Wei-Jin culture from the perspective of Song Confucians' intellectualism. Such investigation, as argued in this article, provides a fruitful occasion for us to critically reflect on methodological issues concerning those scholarly approaches that forge links between people/characters and interpretations of classics. All in all, this article resituates the two prototypes of beings, fangzhengbue and yushiweishe, within the contexts of philosophical thinking and cultural critique, an approach that the author has adopted in previous studies of characters and thoughts.

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