题名

論汲冢竹書出世在中古學界造成的影響

并列篇名

The Impact of the Discovery of Ji Mound Bamboo Books on the Academic Circles of the Mid-Antiquity Era

DOI

10.6281/NTUCL.2015.10.50.01

作者

張蓓蓓(Pei-Pei Chang)

关键词

汲冢書 ; 竹書紀年 ; 汲冢瑣語 ; 穆天子傳 ; 志怪小說 ; Ji Mound bamboo books ; Bamboo Annals ; Ji Mound Trivial Talks ; Tale of King Mu ; tales of the strange

期刊名称

臺大中文學報

卷期/出版年月

50期(2015 / 10 / 01)

页次

1 - 39

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

西晉武帝太康二年(281),汲郡發現了戰國魏王遺塚,得古竹書數十車,成為西晉學術史上的一件大事。當世學人荀勖、和嶠、束皙、杜預、衛恒、王庭堅、王接、摯虞、謝衡、續咸、傅瓚、張宙、干寶、張華、司馬彪、徐廣、樂資、郭璞等人先後投入竹書的研究,在學界引發了重重的波瀾,留下或明或暗的印痕與影響。竹書雖經整理為十五書、十九雜篇,事實上「差為整頓」的只有《紀年》、《瑣語》、《穆天子傳》三種而已。本文就以此三書為目,探測三書在當世學界的「接受」。古本《紀年》在當世先是引生了對上古史的一連串檢討,如舜放堯、啟殺益、太甲殺伊尹、文丁殺季歷等等,又引生了對古代史地內容細節的大量考察補正,又因編年為「古史記之正法」,遂引起編年體之復興。《瑣語》是「諸國卜夢妖怪相書」,乃雜史而近小說者,遂成為古代怪異預言總集,直接影響《搜神記》、《神異記》、《博物志》等書的內容,並與志怪小說之興盛有不可切斷的關係。《穆天子傳》託為周穆王西征遊行紀事,當時以為史實,又因彼此內容之相滲,重新引起時人對《山海經》的注意。郭璞既注《穆天子傳》,又注《山海經》,又與《紀年》、《爾雅》等彼此附會,構成一整套神話傳說知識系統,往下影響了《列子.周穆王》篇的偽成、古小說《漢武帝內傳》的主題,甚至促成晉僧法顯西遊記《法顯傳》的撰造。

英文摘要

In 281 A.D. when Emperor Wu reigned the West Jin dynasty, dozens of cartloads of ancient bamboo slips were discovered in the burial mound of King of Wei of the Warring States period, which was a major event in West Jin academic history. Xun Xu, He Jiao, Shu Xi, Du Yu, Wei Heng, Wang Ting-Jian, Wang Jie, Zhi Yu, Xie Heng, Xu Xian, Fu Zan, Zhang Zhou, Gan Bao, Zhang Hua, Si-Ma Biao, Xu Guang, Yue Zi, Guo Pu, and other scholars all plunged into the study of the bamboo slip texts. The efforts brought about waves of discussions and influenced the academic circles. The texts were sorted into 15 books and 19 miscellaneous articles, but only the three books are in better order: the Bamboo Annals, the Trivial Talks, and the Tale of King Mu. This study focuses on them to investigate how they influenced the contemporary academic circles. The ancient text of the Bamboo Annals stirred up examination of historical events such as Shun exiling Yao, Qi slaying Yi, Tai-Jia slaying Yi-Yin, and Wen-Ding slaying Ji-Li. It also triggered investigations and verifications of ancient history and geography details and the revival of the annals as "the proper methodology to history recording." The Trivial Talks is "a monster dream divination book of the states" mixed with history and similar to a collection of short stories. It serves as a collection of ancient strange prophetic words that influenced later works such as the Records of Searching for Spirits, the Records of Anomalies, the Records of All Things, and directly led to the flourishing of many tales of the strange. The Tale of King Mu was believed to be a true historical account of Emperor Mu of Zhou's westward incursion and exploration and thus aroused much attention to the related work Classic of Mountains and Seas. Guo Pu not only annotated both the Tale of King Mu and the Classic of Mountains and Seas and drew links between them and the Bamboo Annals and the Er-Ya, thereby forming a complete knowledge system of myths and legends. The system resulted in the fabrication of "King Mu of Zhou" of the Liezi, became the theme of the ancient novel Anecdote of Emperor Wu of Han, and contributed to the fake Biography of Fa-Xian about the Jin monk Fa-Xian's purported adventures.

主题分类 人文學 > 語言學
人文學 > 中國文學
参考文献
  1. (1962).筆記小說大觀.臺北:新興書局.
  2. (先秦)左丘明,楊伯峻(編)(1990).春秋左傳注.北京:中華書局.
  3. (宋)李昉(編)(1960).太平御覽.北京:中華書局.
  4. (宋)高似孫(1991).史略.臺北:廣文書局.
  5. (宋)趙明誠(2003).金石錄.北京:北京圖書館出版社.
  6. (明)胡應麟(2001).少室山房筆叢.上海:上海書店.
  7. (南朝宋)范曄(1997).後漢書.北京:中華書局.
  8. (南朝宋)劉義慶,(南朝梁)劉孝標(注),余嘉錫(箋疏)(1991).世說新語箋疏.臺北:華正書局.
  9. (南朝梁)蕭統(編),(唐)李善(注)(1986).文選.上海:上海古籍出版社.
  10. (唐)房玄齡(修), X.-L.,(清)吳士鑑, Sh.-J.(Annot.),(清)劉承幹(注), Ch.-G(Annot.)(1970).晉書斠注.臺北=Taipei:藝文印書館=Yee Wen.
  11. (唐)徐堅(1962).初學記.北京:中華書局.
  12. (唐)陸德明(2003).經典釋文.北京:北京圖書館出版社.
  13. (唐)劉知幾, Zh.-J.,(清)浦起龍(釋), Q.-L.(Annot.)(1993).史通通釋.臺北=Taipei:里仁書局=Le Jin.
  14. (唐)魏徵(修)(1973).隋書.北京:中華書局.
  15. (晉)杜預, Y.(1988).春秋經傳集解.上海=Shanghai:上海古籍出版社=Shanghai Ancient Books.
  16. (晉)張華(2012).博物志.上海:上海古籍出版社.
  17. (清)何焯(2006).義門讀書記.北京:中華書局.
  18. (清)林雲銘(1963).楚辭燈.臺北:廣文書局.
  19. (清)徐元誥, Y.-G.(2002).國語集解.北京=Beijing:中華書局=Zhonghua.
  20. (清)臧庸(2011).拜經日記.北京:國家圖書館出版社.
  21. (清)嚴可均(輯)(2007).全上古三代秦漢三國六朝文.西安:陝西人民出版社.
  22. (漢)司馬遷, Q.,(南朝宋)裴駰(集解),(唐)司馬貞(索隱),(唐)張守節(正義)(1959).史記.北京=Beijing:中華書局=Zhonghua.
  23. (漢)班固, G.(1962).漢書.北京=Beijing:中華書局=Zhonghua.
  24. 方詩銘, Sh.-M.(2005).古本竹書紀年輯證.上海=Shanghai:上海古籍出版社=Shanghai Ancient Books.
  25. 王天海(1997)。穆天子傳考略。古籍整理研究學刊,1997(4)
  26. 王貽樑, Y.-L.(1994).穆天子傳匯校集釋.上海=Shanghai:華東師範大學出版社=East China Normal University Press.
  27. 李劍國(1995).唐前志怪小說輯釋.臺北:文史哲出版社.
  28. 李劍國, J.-G.(2005).唐前志怪小說史.天津=Tianjin:天津教育出版社=Tianjin Education.
  29. 李豐楙(1986).六朝隋唐仙道類小說研究.臺北:學生書局.
  30. 季羨林(1957).中印文化關係史論叢.北京:人民出版社.
  31. 洪國樑(1990)。竹書紀年對兩晉南北朝學者之影響。中國學報,30
  32. 袁珂(1981).山海經校注.臺北:里仁書局.
  33. 馬振方(2003)。大氣磅礡開山祖-穆天子傳的小說品格及小說史地位。北京大學學報(哲學社會科學版),40(1)
  34. 章巽(1985).法顯傳校注.上海:上海古籍出版社.
  35. 楊伯峻(1985).列子集釋.北京:中華書局.
  36. 雷家驥(1990).中古史學觀念史.臺北:學生書局.
  37. 廖群(2012)。汲冢瑣語與先秦說體考察。理論月刊,2012(4)
  38. 樊榮(2012)。汲冢學在黃河文明繼承創新中的地位。殷都學刊,2012(4)
  39. 衛挺生, T.-Sh.(1970).穆天子傳今攷.臺北=Taipei:中華學術院=The China Academy.
  40. 續修四庫全書編纂委員會(編),復旦大學圖書館古籍部(編)(2003).續修四庫全書.上海:上海古籍出版社.
被引用次数
  1. 胡頎(2021)。裨史之闕─《西京雜記》中的記憶斷片與歷史書寫。清華中文學報,26,125-168。
  2. 徐聖心(2019)。聖王的誕生-《莊子》中的堯舜禹形象。漢學研究,37(2),25-56。