题名

試探兩漢禘祫說的沿革:以「三年一祫,五年一禘」為中心的考察

并列篇名

An Investigation of the Development of Di and Xia Joint Worship Interpretations in the Han Dynasties: Centered on "One Xia Joint Worship Every Three Years and One Di Joint Worship Every Five Years"

DOI

10.6281/NTUCL.202306_(81).0002

作者

張書豪(Chang, Shu-Hao)

关键词

宗廟 ; 禘祫 ; 張純 ; 何休 ; 鄭玄 ; Ancestral temple ; di and xia ; Zhang Chun ; He Xiu ; Zheng Xuan

期刊名称

臺大中文學報

卷期/出版年月

81期(2023 / 06 / 01)

页次

71 - 73+75-113

内容语文

繁體中文;英文

中文摘要

本文藉由梳理「三年一祫,五年一禘」系列經說,按照諸說立論的時序先後,觀察兩漢經師立論的背景及動機,釐清鄭玄以前數百年的「訩訩爭論」。研究顯示:此說源自《公羊》「五年而再殷祭」,歷經韋玄成「壹禘壹祫」、匡衡「間歲而祫」,到劉向出現「三年一祫,五年一禘」;後經張純建議,遂成東漢禘祫定制。惟章帝於建初七年禘,與《春秋》禘於八年不合,引起何休、鄭玄重探禮制的契機。何休專持《公羊》義,提出「禘祫從先君數」、「遭禘則禘,遭祫則祫」。鄭玄據《周禮》立說,通釋《春秋》及三《傳》,主張「三年喪畢而祫於大祖。明年春,禘於羣廟。自爾之後,五年而再殷祭,一祫一禘」。然兩說都無法徵驗於《春秋》經傳,於是「訩訩爭論」,延續至今。

英文摘要

The article organizes a series of Confucian interpretations of "one xia joint worship every three years and one di joint worship every five years" in the chronological order of their appearances. It observes the backgrounds and motives of the Confucian researchers that made related arguments in the Han dynasties, clarifies the "fierce controversy" occurring for hundreds of years by the period of Zheng Xuan, and demonstrates the following results. The related arguments started with the "two great worships within five years" in the Gongyang commentary, then Wei Xuancheng's "one di joint worship and one xia joint worship," and then Kuang Heng's "one xia joint worship every two years." The next was Liu Xiang's "one xia joint worship every three years and one di joint worship every five years," which later became the fixed rule for the Eastern Han dynasty's di and xia joint worships due to Zhang Chun's suggestion. Then He Xiu and Zheng Xuan reinvestigated the ritual system because Emperor Zhang's di joint worship in the seventh year of the Jianchu era was inconsistent with the eighth year di joint worship mentioned in the Spring and Autumn Annals. Exclusively adhering to the Gongyang interpretation, He Xiu proposed that "the count of di and xia joint worships should follow the former lord's" and "the di joint worship should be held in di's year and the xia joint worship in xia's year." Zheng Xuan put forward his argument based on the Rites of Zhou and explained the Spring and Autumn Annals and the Three Commentaries with one sole principle. He advocated that "the xia joint worship should be held in the founding lord's temple after the mourning of three years. The di joint worship should be held in the other lords' temples in the next spring. After that, two great worships should be held within five years, one di joint worship and one xia joint worship." However, neither of the two arguments could be verified with the classics and commentaries of the Spring and Autumn Annals, so the "fierce controversy" continues.

主题分类 人文學 > 語言學
人文學 > 中國文學
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