論陸游〈姚平仲小傳〉及相關書寫的敘事、意旨及承變

On the Narrative, Intention and Transformation of Lu You's "A Short Biography of Yao Pingzhong" and Related Writings

10.6281/NTUCL.202312_(83).0001

廖安婷(Liao, An-Ting)

陸游 ； 傳 ； 敘事 ； 〈姚平仲小傳〉 ； 南宋散文 ； Lu You ； zhuan (biography) ； narrative ； "A short biography of Yao Pingzhong" ； Southern Song prose

臺大中文學報

83期（2023 / 12 / 01）

1 - 49

繁體中文;英文

本文以陸游（1125-1210）〈姚平仲小傳〉為主要文本，旨在分析陸游詩文中屢次出現的姚平仲相關書寫意涵。與前人不同，陸游著意敘述北宋末年將領姚平仲（1099-？）劫寨失敗、遁去後成為得道高士的經歷，影響播及明清。本文先自敘事學觀念切入，從語言形式分析陸游如何改造李綱《靖康傳信錄》記載的姚平仲典型形象。藉由分辨二文不同的敘述者觀點，得見陸游出自回護的敘事安排。又，「小傳」作為變體傳記，其文體規範本含有對傳主事蹟、精神的價值認同。然姚平仲敗戰遁逃的消極作為，卻與陸游力圖恢復的政治主張看似矛盾。倘結合陸游與同代士人的著作觀之，可發現姚平仲涉及的時局背景與當代宋金局勢有諸多雷同之處。而其最終成功的身分轉變，又與陸游於政治理想落空、仕途不遇後的自我開解隱隱暗合。藉由重述歷史，陸游實展現了一己對於當代政治的關懷，與身處其中應如何安頓的深刻思考。最後，本文將〈小傳〉肯認的姚平仲形象置於唐宋傳體文脈絡下討論，望能深化理解陸游散文特徵，進而作為掘發宋代散文承變一隅的起點。

This article takes Lu You's "A short biography of Yao Pingzhong" as the main text, with the aim for analyzing the meanings in Yao Pingzhong's works that appear repeatedly in Lu's works. Unlike his predecessors, Lu deliberately recounts the story of Yao Pingzhong, a general in the late Northern Song dynasty, who failed to take over a fortress and became a virtuous monk after his reclusion. His influence had extended to the Ming and Qing dynasties. Starting with the concept of narratology, this article analyzes how Lu transformed the typical image of Yao Pingzhong as recorded in Li Gang's Reliable record of Jingkang based on the linguistic form. By distinguishing the different narrators' viewpoints in the two texts, Lu's narrative arrangement coming from a defensive perspective can be seen. In addition, as a variant of biography, the "short biography" (xiaozhuan) informs the author's recognition and values of the subject's deeds and spirits. However, Yao's passive behavior of escaping from the war seemed to be contradictory to Lu's political idea of restoring the country. When viewed together with the writings of Lu You and his contemporaries, it is clear that Yao Pingzhong was involved in a context that had many similarities with the contemporary Song and Jin dynasties. Yao's eventual successful change of identity implicitly coincided with Lu's self-reconciliation after experiencing political disillusionment and career setbacks. By recounting history, Lu You showed his concerns for contemporary politics and his profound thoughts on how to settle down in the midst of it. Finally, this article discusses the image of Yao Pingzhong, as acknowledged in the "A short biography," within the context of the Tang and Song dynasty biographical literature, in hopes of deepening the understanding of Lu You's prose characteristics, and thereby serving as a starting point for exploring the inheritance and evolution of Song dynasty prose.