Xylariaceous Mycobiota in Taiwan: An Overview

臺灣產炭角菌類相概觀

10.7099/FS.200009.0031

朱宇敏(Yu-Ming Ju)

炭角菌科 ； 菌類相 ； 臺灣 ； Mycobiota ； Taiwan ； Xylariaceae

Fungal Science

15卷1&2期（2000 / 09 / 01）

31 - 36

英文

臺灣蘊藏豐富的炭角菌類，已有記載的共有一百二十三種。它們分屬以下十四屬：Anthostomella、 Biscgniauxia、Collodiscula、Creosphaeria、Daldinia、Halorosellinia、Hypoxylon、Kretzschmaria、Nemania、Rhopalostroma、Rosellinia、Stilbohypoxylon、Whalleya和Xylaria。Anthostomella longispora、 A. rostrospora、A. taiwanensis、Hypoxylon ilanense、H. lienhwacheense、H. lividicolor、H. moriforme var. microdiscus、Rosellinia formosana、Xylaria formosana和X. bambusicola乃是根據在臺灣採得的標本來描述之世界新種。尚有一些種未能鑑定，他們可能代表新種。大約有百分之七十五的臺灣炭角菌類曾經過人工培養，除少數例外，其無性世代為Nodulisporium-like或Geniculosporium-like。大多數種類來自低海拔。多數的種類採自雙子葉植物基質，尚有一些採自單子葉植物。此外另有一些種類長於落葉、動物糞便、白蟻窩等不同基質。

Taiwan harbors a rich resource of xylariaceous fungi. One hundred and twenty-three taxa of fourteen genera-Anthostomella, Biscogniauxia, Collodiscula, Creosphaeria, Daldinia, Halorosellinia, Hypoxylon, Kretzschmaria, Nemania, Rhopalostroma, Rosellinia, Stilbohypoxylon, Whalleya, and Xylaria-have been documented thus far. Anthostomella longispora, A. rostrospora, A. taiwanensis, Hypoxylon ilanense, H. lienhwacheense, H. lividicolor, H. moriforme var., microdiscus, Rosellinia formosana, Xylaria formosana, and X. bambusicola were described as new taxa basing on Taiwan materials. A number of taxa still remain unnamed and may eventually be proven to be new. Approximately 75% of the known xylariaceous taxa in Taiwan have been cultured. With a few exceptions, they all produced Nodulisporium-like or Geniculosporium-like anamorphs with a sympodially holoblastic conidiogenesis. Most taxa are found from lower altitudes. While a number of taxa were collected from dicot wood, some arc associated with monocots. Still some taxa are associated with other substrates such as fallen leaves, animal dung, termite nests, etc.