愛情關係中的情緒表達衝突之縱貫研究

Ambivalence over Emotional Expression in Romantic Relationship: A Longitudinal Research

10.6129/CJP.2006.4801.04

李怡真(Yi-Chen Lee)；林以正(Yi-Cheng Lin)

情緒表達衝突 ； 關係品質 ； 縱貫研究 ； 對偶分析 ； 因果關係 ； 滿意度 ； 親密感 ； 承諾感 ； ambivalence over emotional expression ； relationship quality ； longitudinal research ； dyadic analysis ； causal relationship ； satisfaction ； intimacy ； commitment

中華心理學刊

48卷1期（2006 / 03 / 01）

53 - 67

繁體中文

過去研究一致指出，個體在關係中的情緒表達衝突程度與關係品質具有高度負相關，但這些發現均建基於橫斷性的研究，不但無法說明情緒表達衝突和關係品質在時間進程中彼此不斷交互影響的過程，更無法回答兩者間的因果關係。本研究特以縱貫研究法追蹤情侶的對偶資料以探討上述議題，並以問卷調查法進行資料蒐集。在時間一，以78對交往中的情侶為受試者進行問卷施測，測其情緒表達衝突程度與三項關係品質指標，分別為關係滿意度以及Sternberg(1986)愛情三元素中的親密感與承諾感。時間二的測量於一年後進行，請同一群受試者進行第二次的施測，共分析65名與相同對象交往的受試者。本次除了測量情緒表達衝突程度，亦測量與時間一相同之各項關係品質指標，以對照受試者在一年的關係進程中，其情緒表達衝突程度對關係品質之影響，並以對偶分析(dyadic analysis)的方法進行資料分析。本研究發現，情緒表達衝突在前後測中呈現穩定的高相關，關係品質亦然，此結果說明情緒表達衝突和關係品質皆具跨時間的穩定性；其次，在兩個橫斷的時間點上，可以穩定的發現個體的情緒表達衝突與自己和伴侶的關係品質具有顯著負相關；再者，時間一的情緒表達衝突不能預測時間二的關係品質，但時間一的關係品質卻能預測時間二的情緒表達衝突，此結果顯示，由關係品質對情緒表達衝突造成的跨時間影響較為穩定。最末，透過迴歸分析與Cross-Lagged相關係數檢定發現，情緒表達衝突與關係品質間並不具有單一方向的因果關係，更基於情緒表達衝突的改變量與關係品質的改變量存在顯著的相關，本研究結果傾向結論兩者間具有雙向因果影響之關係。

The present study examined the relationship between ambivalence over emotional expression (AEE) and quality of relationship in a longitudinal design. At time 1, 78 couples completed several questionnaires, including ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire and several indices of relationship quality. One year later, these participants were again invited to complete the same set of questionnaires. Sixty-five participants stayed in the same relationship and their data were analyzed. Results showed significant negative correlations between the AEE and all indices of relationship quality in individual and dyadic level at both time 1 and time 2. However, the correlations between the relationship quality at time 1 and the AEE at time 2 or vice versa were not stable. Regression analysis and cross-lagged analysis indicated no one way causal relationship between them. On the other hand, the high correlation between change scores of AEE and quality of relationship supported the possibility of two way interaction causal relationship. Discussions focused on the mutual influences between AEF to romantic relationship and quality of relationship.

1. Attridge, M.,Berscheid, E.,Sprecher, S.(1998).Dependency and insecurity in romantic relationships: Development and validation of two companion scales.Personal Relationships.
2. Baumeister, R. F.,Tice, D. M.(1987).Emotion and self-presentation.Perspectives in personality.
3. Berscheid, E.(1983).Emotion.Close relationships.
4. Calahan, C. A.(1997).Internal consistency, reliability, and concurrent validity of the Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale and the Quality Marriage Index.Psychological Reports.
5. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.(1983).Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences.
6. Descutner, C. J.,Thelen, M. H.(1991).Development and validation of a Fear-of-Intimacy Scale.Psychological Assessment.
7. Emmons, R. A.,Colby, P. M.(1995).Emotional conflict and well-being: Relation to perceived availability, daily utilization, and observer reports of social support.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,68,947-959.
8. Emmons, R. A.,King, L. A.(1988).Conflict among personal strivings: Immediate and long-term implications for psychological and physical wellbeing.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,54,1040-1048.
9. Finkel, S. E.(1995).Causal analysis with panel data.
10. Gayton, W. F.,Bassett, J. E.,Tavormina, J.,Ozmon, K. L.(1978).Repression-sensitization and health behavior.Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology,46,1542-1544.
11. Gottman, J. M.,Porterfield, A. L.(1981).Communicative competence in the nonverbal behavior of married couples.Journal of Marriage and the Family,43,817-824.
12. Heisel, M. J.,Mongrain, M.(2004).Facial expressions and ambivalence: Looking for conflict in all the right faces.Journal of Nonverbal Behavior,28,35-52.
13. Holmes, M. E.,Poole, M. S.(1991).Studying interpersonal interaction.New York:Guilford Press.
14. Johnson, D. R.,Booth, A.(1998).Marital quality: A product of the dyadic environment or individual factors?.Social Forces,76,883-904.
15. Katz, I. M.,Campbell, J. D.(1944).Ambivalence over emotional expression and well-being: Nomothetic and idiographic tests of the stress-buffering hypothesis.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,67,513-524.
16. Kenny, D. A.(1975).Cross-lagged panel correlation: A test for spuriousness.Psychological Bulletin.
17. Kenny, D. A.(1994).Interpersonal perception: A social relations analysis.
18. Kenny, D. A.(1979).Correlation and causality.
19. King, L. A.(1993).Emotional expression, ambivalence over expression, and marital satisfaction.Journal of Social and Personal Relationships,10,601-607.
20. King, L. A.(1998).Ambivalence over emotional expression and reading emotions in situations and faces.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,74,753-762.
21. King, L. A.,Emmons, R. A.(1991).Psychological, physical, and interpersonal correlates of emotional expressiveness, conflict, and control.European Journal of Personality,5,131-150.
22. King, L. A.,Emmons, R. A.(1990).Conflict over emotional expression: Psychological and physical correlates.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,58,864-877.
23. Lemieux, R.,Hale, J. L.(2000).Intimacy, passion, and commitment among married individuals: Further testing of the Triangular Theory of Love.Psychological Reports.
24. Levenson, R. W.,Gottman, J. M.(1985).Physiological and affective predictors of change in relationship satisfaction.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,49,85-94.
25. Mongrain, M.,Vettese, L. C.(2003).Conflict over emotional expression: Implications for interpersonal communication.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin.
26. Pennebaker, J. W.(1985).Traumatic experience and psychosomatic disease: Exploring the roles of behavioural inhibition, obsession, and confiding.Canadian Psychology.
27. Pennebaker, J. W.,Hughes, C. F.,O Heeron, R. C.(1987).The psychophysiology of confession: Linking inhibitory and psychosomatic processes.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,52,781-793.
28. Pottebaum, S. M.,Keith, T. Z.,Ehly, S. W.(1986).Is there a causal relation between self-concept and academic achievement?.Journal of Educational Research.
29. Raush, H. L.,Barry, W. A.,Hertel, R. K.,Swain, M. A.(1974).Communicaiton, conflict, and marriage.
30. Shrout, P. E.,Fiske, D. W.(1981).Nonverbal behaviors and social evaluation.Journal of Personality,49,115-128.
31. Sprecher, S.(1986).The relation between inequity and emotions in close relationships.Social Psychology Quarterly,49,309-321.
32. Sternberg, R. J.(1986).A triangular theory of love.Psychological Review.
33. Weiss, R. S.(1969).The fund of sociability.Transaction,6,36-43.
34. 王慶福(1996)。愛情關係發展與適應之評量工具編製。測驗年刊，43，227-240。
35. 李怡真(2002)。國立台灣大學心理學研究所。

1. 林怡綾(2014)。花卉禮品包裝視覺元素對愛情情感溝通之影響。國立臺灣大學生物產業傳播暨發展學系學位論文。2014。1-128。