Lexical Competition in the Recognition of Chinese Spoken Words

國語口語語詞辨識中的語詞競爭

10.6129/CJP.2006.4804.03

曾進興(Chin-Hsing Tseng)；陳振宇(Jenn-Yeu Chen)；林月仙(Yueh-Hsien Lin)

語音促發 ； 語詞競爭 ； 口語語詞辨識 ； 中文詞彙 ； phonological priming ； lexical competition ； spoken word recognition ； Chinese lexicon

中華心理學刊

48卷4期（2006 / 12 / 01）

347 - 368

英文

當代口語語詞辨識理論多主張語詞的片段可以活化一組候選詞，之後並引發了詞彙競爭的過程。這類過程的本質為何，一直是西方文獻探討的重點。然而，鮮有研究使用中文的受試者來探討這一問題。在本研究當中，使用國語的受試者在聽過單音節或雙字詞的促發刺激後，對雙字的視覺目標刺激進行詞彙判斷。實驗1A和1B發現，如果單音節的促發刺激和雙字詞目標刺激的詞首音節相同，那麼詞彙判斷的反應會比兩者不同時要來得快。在實驗2當中，當雙字詞促發刺激和雙字詞目標相同時，反應時間會比兩者完全不同時來得快；然而，如果兩者只共享詞首音節時，反應時間卻比兩者完全不同者慢。本研究的結果將與前人的實驗結果以及當代的口語語詞辨識理論參照討論。

Most contemporary models of spoken word recognition argue for the activation of a set of word candidates upon the input of word fragments and a subsequent process of lexical competition. The nature of such processes has been intensively studied in the western literature. However, there is a paucity of research on the issue with Chinese subjects. In this phonological-priming study, Chinese-speaking participants made lexical decision to disyllabic visual targets after hearing monosyllabic or disyllabic prime words. In Experiments 1A and 1B, lexical decision responses were faster when the monosyllabic primes corresponded to the first syllables of the disyllabic targets than when they did not. In Experiment 2, lexical decision responses were faster when the disyllabic primes were identical to the disyllabic targets than when the prime-target pairs shared nothing in common. However, lexical decision responses became slower when the prime-target pairs only shared the first syllable than when they shared nothing in common. The results are discussed with reference to the empirical findings of earlier research and the contemporary models of spoken word recognition.

1. Chen, J.-Y.,Lin, W.-C.,Ferrand, L(2003).Masked priming of the syllable in Mandarin Chinese speech production.Chinese Journal of Psychology,45,107-120.
   連結：
2. Chen, J.-Y.,Chen, T.-M.,Dell, G. S(2002).Wordform encoding in Mandarin Chinese as assessed by the implicit priming task.Journal of Memory and Language,46,751-781.
3. Dufour, S.,Peereman, R(2003).Inhibitory priming effects in auditory word recognition: When the target`s competitors conflict with the prime word.Cognition,88,33-44.
4. Dumay, N.,Benraiss, A.,Barriol, B.,Colin, C.,Radeau, M.,Besson, M(2001).Behavioral and electrophysiological study of phonological priming between bisyllabic spoken words.Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience,13,121-143.
5. Forster, K. J.,Forster, J. C(2003).DMDX: A Windows display program with millisecond accuracy.Behavioral Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers,35(1),116-124.
6. Goldinger, S. D(1999).Only the shadower knows: Comment on Hamburger and Slowiaczek (1996).Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,6,347-351.
7. Goldinger, S. D.,Luce, P. A.,Pisoni, D. B.,Marcario, J. K.(1992).Form-based priming in spoken word recognition: The roles of competition and bias.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition,18,1211-1238.
8. Hamburger, M. B.,Slowiaczek, L. M(1996).Phonological priming reflects lexical competition in auditory word recognition.Psychonomic Bulletin and Review,3,520-525.
9. Howes, D. H.,Solomon, R. L(1951).Visual duration threshold as a function of word probability.Journal of Experimental Psychology,41,401-410.
10. Jusczyk, P. W.,Luce, P. A(2002).Speech perception and spoken word recognition: Past and present.Ear and Hearing,23(1),2-40.
11. Marslen-Wilson, W. D(1987).Functional parallelism in spoken word-recognition.Cognition,25,71-102.
12. Marslen-Wilson, W. D.,Welsh, A(1978).Processing interactions and lexical access during word recognition in continuous speech.Cognitive Psychology,10,29-63.
13. Marslen-Wilson, W.,Zwitserlood, P(1989).Accessing spoken words: The importance of word onsets.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,15(3),576-585.
14. McClelland, J. L.,Elman, J. L(1986).The TRACE model of speech perception.Cognitive Psychology,18,1-86.
15. McQueen, J. M.,Norris, D.,Cutler, A(1994).Competition in spoken word recognition: Spotting words in other words.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,20(3),621-638.
16. McQueen, J. M.,Sereno, J.(2005).Cleaving automatic processes from strategic biases in phonological priming.Memory and Cognition,33(7),1185-1209.
17. Monsell, S.,Hirsh, K. W(1998).Competitor priming in spoken word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,24,1495-1520.
18. Neely, J. H.,Keefe, D. E.,G. H. Bower(1989).The psychology and learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory.New York:Academic Press.
19. Norris, D.,McQueen, J. M.,Cutler, A(1995).Competition and segmentation in spoken-word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition,21,1209-1228.
20. Norris, D.,McQueen, J. M.,Cutler, A.(2002).Bias effects in facilitatory phonological priming.Memory and Cognition,30(3),399-411.
21. Packard, J. L(1999).Lexical access in Chinese speech comprehension and production.Brain and Language,17,525-535.
22. Radeau, M.,Morais, J.,Dewier, A.(1989).Phonological priming in spoken word recognition.Memory and Cognition,17,525-535.
23. Radeau, M.,Morais, J.,Segui, J(1995).Phonological priming between monosyllabic spoken words.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,21(6),1297-1311.
24. Slowiaczek, L. M.,Hamburger, M(1992).Prelexical facilitation and lexical interference in auditory word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Leaning, Memory & Cognition,18,1239-1250.
25. Slowiaczek, L. M.,McQueen, J. M.,Soltano, E. G.,Lynch, M(2000).Phonological representation in prelexical speech processing: Evidence from form-based priming.Journal of Memory and Language,43,530-560.
26. Soto-Faraco, S.,Sebastian-Galles, N.,Cutler, A.(2001).Segmental and suprasegmental mismatch in lexical access.Journal of Memory and Language,45,412-432.
27. Spenelli, E.,Segui, J.,Radeau, M.(2001).Phonological priming in spoken word recognition with bisyllabic targets.Language and Cognitive Processes,16,367-392.
28. Tseng, C.-H(1997).Syllable as the segmentation unit in Chinese: New evidence.Proceedings of the National Science Council, Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences,7(4),612-631.
29. Tseng, C.-H.,Huang, K.-Y.,Jeng, J.-Y(1996).The role of the syllable in perceiving spoken Chinese.Proceedings of the National Science Council, Part C: Humanities and Social Sciences,6(1),71-86.
30. Tseng, C.-H.,Tsao, F.-M.(1994).The gap inferiority effect in identifying Mandarin-Chinese phonemes.Journal of National Chung Cheng University, Sec. II: Social Sciences,5(1),181-204.
31. Vroomen, J.,de Gelder, B(1995).Metrical segmentation and lexical inhibition in spoken word recognition.Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance,21,98-108.
32. Wu, J.-T.,Liu, I.-M(1987).Technical report submitted to National Science Council.Exploring the phonetic and semantic features of Chinese words.
33. Zhou, X.,Marslen-Wilson, W.D(1995).Morphological structure in the Chinese mental lexicon.Language and Cognitive Processes,10,545-601.
34. Zhou, X.,Marslen-Wilson, W.D(1994).Words, morphemes and syllables in the Chinese mental lexicon.Language and Cognitive Processes,9,393-422.
35. Zwitserlood, P(1989).The locus of the effects of sentential-semantic context in spoken-word processing.Cognition,32,25-64.

1. 邱學瑾(2012)。台湾人日本語学習者の日本語音声単語の認知に及ぼす母語の影響─中日音韻類似性の観点からの検討─。銘傳日本語教育，15，21-45。