The Mechanisms Underlying Conscious and Unconscious Memories: Converging Evidence from Studies Using a Memory-Dissociation Procedure

「自我意識」與「無自我意識」記憶的機制：當代記憶分離研究的匯聚證據

10.6129/CJP.2012.5401.04

鄭昭明(Chao-Ming Cheng)；黃金蘭(Chin-Lan Huang)

以「自我監測為基底」的歷程分離法 ； 意識與無意識記憶的歷程 ； 隱示測驗裡意識與無意識記憶 ； conscious and unconscious memory in implicit tests ； metacognition-based dissociation procedure ； processes of conscious and unconscious memory

中華心理學刊

54卷1期（2012 / 03 / 01）

47 - 66

英文

本文探索「自我意識」與「無自我意識」記憶的機制，所根據的是當代使用「歷程分離程序」（用於顯示測驗）或「以自我監測為基底的分離程序」（用於隱示測驗）分離一個測驗裡兩類記憶的研究成果。這些結果一致的顯示，「淺層處理」、「深層處理」、「聯想」與「自我衍生」對顯示與隱示測驗裡「自我意識」估計值產生正向的作用，其中「深層處理」、「聯想」與「自我衍生」的作用大於「淺層處理」的作用。在另一方面，「淺層」與「深層」處理對「無自我意識」估計值產生正向的重複促發作用，但「聯想」與「自我衍生」對此估計值未產生促發或產生抑制促發的作用。以上結果被認為，此兩類記憶不但其驅動的形式不同，而且其受惠於練習情況的訊息收錄亦不同。

Conscious and unconscious forms of memory were assessed by examining how the 2 forms within a test were affected by shallow and deep processing, association, and self-generation of study words in the studies using either the process-dissociation or the meta-cognition-based dissociation procedure. The results of these studies consistently showed that the 4 study conditions produced a positive effect on estimates of conscious memory in explicit and implicit tests with the effect being larger under the deep, association, and self-generation than under the shallow condition. On the other hand, shallow and deep processing produced a repetition-priming but association and self-generation produced either no repetition or a repetition-inhibition effect on estimates of unconscious memory. These results suggest that the 2 forms of memory measure different memory systems.

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