社會焦慮者的自傳式記憶：敘事內容與記憶清晰度的分析

Autobiographical Memory in Social Anxiety: Analyses of Memory Narratives and Vividness

10.6129/CJP.2012.5402.03

梁記雯(Chi-Wen Liang)；許文耀(Wen-Yau Hsu)；洪福建(Fu-Chien Hung)；王韋婷(Wei-Ting Wang)

心像 ； 自傳式記憶 ； 社會焦慮 ； 記憶清晰度 ； autobiographical memory ； imagery ； memory vividness ； social anxiety

中華心理學刊

54卷2期（2012 / 06 / 01）

169 - 184

繁體中文

本研究的主要目的在於分析自傳式記憶的敘事內容與記憶清晰度來檢驗高社會焦慮個體對於社會焦慮事件是否存在自傳式記憶偏誤，同時操弄情境焦慮以檢驗其對記憶偏誤的影響。高社會焦慮組（32名）與低社會焦慮組（32名）受試者被要求進行社會焦慮事件與中性事件的回憶，受試者必須形成事件的回憶心像並寫下詳細的描述，同時針對其回憶心像進行記憶清晰度的評估。本研究的結果發現，在社會焦慮事件的回憶中，高社會焦慮組比低社會焦慮組回憶出更高比例的自我相關訊息，然而在中性事件中兩組則沒有差異；此外，高社會焦慮組相較於低社會焦慮組，對於社會焦慮事件有較高的記憶清晰度比值，此結果表示高社會焦慮者比低社會焦慮者更傾向對自我相關訊息記得比外界訊息清楚，而在中性事件的回憶中兩組則沒有差異；最後，本研究並未發現情境焦慮對於自傳式記憶偏誤有任何影響效果。

The present study aimed to investigate the memory narratives and vividness of autobiographical memory in individuals with high and low social anxiety, and determine whether high socially anxious individuals exhibit an autobiographical memory bias. Furthermore, the effects of state anxiety on memory bias were also examined. Thirty-two high socially anxious and thirty-two low socially anxious individuals participated in this study. The participants were asked to recall one anxiety-provoking social situation and one neutral situation. They were requested to form an imagery of the event and write a detailed description of it. They then rated memory vividness for each event. The results demonstrated that the high social anxiety group retrieved a higher proportion of self-related information than did the low social anxiety group when recalling an anxiety-provoking event. Furthermore, the high social anxiety group tended to rate the vividness of self-related information higher than environmental information for the anxiety-provoking event, compared with the low social anxiety group. The present study found no effect of state anxiety on memory bias.

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