運用S-B量尺卡方差異檢定於潛在變項交互作用檢定之研究

Evaluating Latent Interaction Effects by Model-Based Sattora-Bentler Scaled Chi-square Test and Path-Based Z-test

10.6129/CJP.20130112

蔡良庭(Liang-Ting Tsai)；楊志堅(Chih-Chien Yang)

S-B量尺卡方差異檢定 ； Z檢定 ； 潛在交互作用 ； 潛在變項模式 ； Satorra-Bentler test ； Z-test ； latent interaction ； latent variable

中華心理學刊

55卷2期（2013 / 06 / 01）

277 - 290

繁體中文

本研究目的主要提供潛在變項模式（latent variable model）於交互作用（interaction）檢定時，不同樣本數及交互作用效果（interaction effect）對於檢定結果正確性的影響，並說明潛在變項交互作用之檢定標準程序－SB量尺卡方差異檢定（Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square difference test）。本研究以電腦數值模擬方式進行，修改吳宗祐與鄭伯壎（2006）的二步驟交互作用分析模式為單一步驟潛在變項交互作用模式，實驗中並探討包含樣本數、交互作用效果及潛在變項迴歸係數差異對於潛在交互作用的檢定影響。模式利用LMS（latent moderated structural equation）估算法估計，並進行潛在交互作用檢定篩選率（screening rate）計算。研究結果顯示，利用潛在變項模式進行交互作用檢定時，檢定篩選率除了會隨樣本數及潛在變項交互作用效果絕對值增加而提高之外，且存在交互作用的影響，因此，當進行相關研究時，本研究建議應採用S-B量尺卡方差異檢定法並同時考慮到多個因素對於檢測效果的影響。

The research is aimed to illustrate two statistical tests in evaluating latent interaction effects. The model-based Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square difference test and path-based Z-test are the two statistical tests. By modifying Wu and Cheng's two-stage model (2006), the one-stage structural equation model with various latent interaction effects was created and simulated. Various sample sizes, interaction effects, and regression coefficients were designed in the numerical simulations to evaluate the two statistical tests. The latent moderated structural equations with robust standard errors estimation were used in estimating the simulated datasets. The results showed that increasing sample sizes or increasing the absolute values of interaction effects helped the performance of both tests. Effects of sample sizes and magnitudes of interaction effect were shown to interact with each other. The paper concludes that the model-based Satorra-Bentler scaled chi-square difference test should be used in testing latent interactions.

1. 吳宗祐、鄭伯壎(2006)。工作投入、調節他人情緒能力與情緒勞動之交互作用對情緒耗竭的預測效果。中華心理學刊，48，69-87。
   連結：
2. 李新民、陳蜜桃(2006)。實用智能、緣分信念與心理健康、工作表現之相關：以幼兒教師為例。中華心理學刊，48，183-202。
   連結：
3. 林少龍(2006)。工作要求與工作控制的交互作用對員工適應的影響：自我警覺的角色。中山管理評論，14，969-993。
   連結：
4. 徐儷瑜、許文耀(2009)。從情緒與認知反應探討父母衝突對兒童適應的影響。中華心理學刊，51，483-500。
   連結：
5. 張思嘉、周玉慧、黃宗堅(2008)。新婚夫妻的婚姻適應：概念測量與模式檢驗。中華心理學刊，50，425-446。
   連結：
6. 郭奕龍、曾敬梅、吳武典(2011)。「教師工作偏好量表」修訂之研究。測驗學刊，58，317-341。
   連結：
7. 彭月茵、葉玉珠(2011)。「研究生希望信念量表」之發展。測驗學刊，58，639-664。
   連結：
8. 楊志堅、蔡良庭(2008)。評估取樣權重於檢定Likert問卷之測量恆等性研究。中華心理學刊，50，257-269。
   連結：
9. 蔡良庭、楊志堅、王文中、施慶麟(2008)。應用MIMIC模式評估方法以檢定試題差異性之研究。測驗學刊，55，287-312。
   連結：
10. Jöreskog, K. G. (2000). Latent variable scores and their uses. Retrieved April 3, 2012, from http://www.ssicentral.com/lisrel/techdocs/lvscores.pdf
11. Arbuckle, J. L.(1995).IBM SPSS Amos 19 user's guide.Chicago:SPSS.
12. Bollen, K. A.(1989).Structural equations with latent variables.New York:Wiley.
13. Bollen, K. A.,Paxton, P.(1998).Interaction of latent variables in structural equation models.Structural Equation Modeling,5,267-293.
14. Byrne, B. M.(2001).Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming.Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
15. Cohen, A. S.,Bolt, D. M.(2005).A mixture model analysis of differential item functioning.Journal of Educational Measurement,42,133-148.
16. Cohen, J.(1988).Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences.New York:Academic Press.
17. Cohen, J.,Cohen, P.,West, S. G.,Aiken, L. S.(2003).Applied multiple regression/correlational analysis for the behavioral sciences.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
18. Gonzalez, R.,Griffin, D.(2001).Testing parameters in structural equation modeling: Every "one" matters.Psychological Methods,3,258-269.
19. Graggs, J. G.,Price, D. D.,Verne, G. N.,Perlstein, W. N.,Robinson, M. E.(2007).Functional brain interactions that serve cognitive-affective processing during pain and placebo analgesia.NeuroImage,38,720-729.
20. Hancock, G. R.(Ed.),Mueller, R. O.(Ed.)(2006).Structural equation modeling: A second course.Greenwich, CT:Information Age.
21. Kenny, D. A.,Judd, C. M.(1984).Estimating the nonlinear and interactive effects of latent variables.Psychological Bulletin,96,201-210.
22. Klein, A. G.,Moosbrugger, H.(2000).Maximum likelihood estimation of latent interaction effects with the LMS method.Psychometrika,65,457-474.
23. Klein, A. G.,Muthén, B. O.(2007).Quasi maximum likelihood estimation of structural equation models with multiple interaction and quadratic effects.Multivariate Behavioral Research,42,647-673.
24. Marsh, H. W.,Wen, W.,Hau, K. T.(2004).Structural equation models of latent interactions: Evaluation of alternative estimation strategies and indictor construction.Psychological Methods,9,275-300.
25. Meade, A. W.,Bauer, D. J.(2007).Power and precision in confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement invariance.Structural Equation Modeling,14,611-635.
26. Meade, A. W.,Lautenschlager, G. J.(2004).A montecarlo study of confirmatory factor analytic tests of measurement equivalence/invariance.Structural Equation Modeling,11,60-72.
27. Moulder, B. C.,Algina, J.(2002).Comparison of methods for estimating and testing latent variable interactions.Structural Equation Modeling,9,1-19.
28. Muthén, L. K.,Muthén, B. O.(1998).Mplus user's guide.Los Angeles:Muthen & Muthen.
29. Pierce, C. A.,Block, R. A.,Aguinis, H.(2004).Cautionary note on reporting eta-square value from multifactor ANOVA designs.Educational and Psychological Measurement,64,916-924.
30. Satorra, A.,Bentler, P. M.(2001).A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis.Psychometrika,66,507-514.
31. Satorra, A.,Bentler, P. M.(2010).Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic.Psychometrika,75,243-248.
32. Schermelleh-Engel, K.,Moosbrugger, H.,Müller, H.(2003).Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures.Methods of Psychological Research,8,23-74.
33. Schumacker, R. E.(2002).Latent variable interaction modeling.Structural Equation Modeling,9,40-54.
34. Tsai, L. T.,Yang, C. C.(2012).Improving measurement invariance assessments in survey research with missing data by novel artificial neural networks.Expert Systems with Applications,39,10456-10464.
35. Woods, C. M.,Grimm, K. J.(2011).Testing for nonuniform differential item functioning with multiple indicator multiple cause models.Applied Psychological Measurement,35,339-361.
36. 張仁和、陳學志、徐芝君、林耀南(2009)。高中職創意競賽之團隊歷程─成員歧異度與團隊氣氛對團隊創造力的影響。教育與心理研究，32，73-97。
37. 楊志堅、楊志強、蔡良庭、呂淑妤(2009)。RMSEA與卡方差異法於檢定模式差異之正確性：測量不變性之檢定。教育與心理研究，32，53-72。
38. 楊志堅、劉心筠、楊志強(2004)。縱貫研究以潛在成長模式分析之樣本數與檢定力研究。教育與心理研究，27，603-626。
39. 顧為元(2008)。轉型領導對組織公民行為影響之研究─以組織承諾為中介變項。教育與心理研究，31，205-231。