台灣地區華人情緒與相關心理生理資料庫─專業表演者臉部表情常模資料

Taiwan Corpora of Chinese Emotions and Relevant Psychophysiological Data-Behavioral Evaluation Norm for Facial Expressions of Professional Performer

10.6129/CJP.20130314

陳建中(Chien-Chung Chen)；卓淑玲(Shu-Ling Cho)；曾榮瑜(Rung-Yu Tseng)

表情臉 ； 正面臉 ； 3/4臉 ； 側面臉 ； 熵值 ； expressive face ； frontal view face ； 3/4 view face ； profile face ； entropy

中華心理學刊

55卷4期（2013 / 12 / 01）

439 - 454

繁體中文

本研究收集29位專業表演者以表演、Ekman表情肌肉變動形式及生活感受三種表現方式，在正面、3/4側面、側面所呈現之七種臉部表情，獲得12,393張有效影像檔案，以建立華人族群情緒臉影像資料庫及常模。七種表情情緒分別為：快樂、生氣、悲傷、厭惡、害怕、驚訝及平靜表情。有效影像檔案中，最具代表性的臉孔影像，1,232張為正面情緒臉影像，514張3/4側臉影像，527張側面臉影像。由400名大學生評定正面臉孔，200名大學生評定3/4臉孔，50名大學生評定側面臉孔，每一參與者皆針對臉孔進行六種表情類型之強度判斷。另為落實本土化實證研究，採用專業表演者與評定人員均為華人背景，也因此本研究所獲得之情緒表情資料庫可用於涉及文化背景議題之情緒研究。

To establish an image database and norm for facial expression in local population, we collected 12,393 valid images from 29 professional performers in facial expression of seven basic emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, surprise, and neutral. Among them, the most representative 1,232 frontal view, 514 3/4 view and 527 profile images from all models were each rated by 50 ~ 100 human observers for the category and intensity of perceived emotion. Such large number of emotion categories, models and raters should be sufficient for most serious expression recognition research both in psychology and in computer science. All the models and raters are of Asian background. Hence, this database can also be used when the culture background is a concern.

1. 襲充文、黃世琤、葉娟妤(2013)。台灣地區華人情緒與相關心理生理資料庫─大學生基本情緒臉部表情資料庫。中華心理學刊，55，455-475。
   連結：
2. Matsumoto, D., & Ekman, P. (1988). Japanese and Caucasian facial expressions of emotion (JACFEE) and neutral faces (JACNeuF)[Slides]. (Available from Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132)..
3. Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. The Bell System Technical Journal, 27, 379-423, 623-656.
4. Ashby, F. G.(Ed.)(1992).Multidimensional models of perception and cognition.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
5. Bradley, B. P.,Mogg, K.,Lee, S. C.(1997).Attentional biases for negative information in induced and naturally occurring dysphoria.Behaviour Research and Therapy,35,911-927.
6. Chang, F.,Chou, C. H.(2009).A bi-prototype theory of facial attractiveness.Neural Computation,21,890-910.
7. Chen, M. Y.,Chen, C. C.(2010).The contribution of the upper and lower face in happy and sad facial expression classification.Vision Research,50,1814-1823.
8. Darwin, C.(1965).The expression of the emotions in man and animals.Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
9. Ekman, P.(1993).Facial expression and emotion.American Psychologist,48,384-392.
10. Ekman, P.(Ed.)(1982).Emotion in the human face.New York:Cambridge University Press.
11. Ekman, P.,Friesen, W. V.(1978).Facial action coding system: A technique for the measurement of facial movement.Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
12. Ekman, P.,Friesen, W. V.(1976).Pictures of facial affect.Palo Alto, CA:Consulting Psychologists Press.
13. Ekman, P.,Friesen, W. V.,Hager, J. C.(2002).The facial action coding system.Salt Lake City, UT:Research Nexus eBook.
14. Haidt, J.,Keltner, D.(1999).Culture and facial expression: Open ended methods find more faces and a gradient of universality.Cognition and Emotion,13,225-266.
15. Hill, H.,Schyns, P. G.,Akamatsu, S.(1997).Information and viewpoint dependence in face recognition.Cognition,62,201-222.
16. Izard, C. E.(1971).The face of emotion.New York:Appleton-Century-Crofts.
17. Jack, R. E.,Caldara, R.,Schyns, P. G.(2012).Internal representations reveal cultural diversity in expectations of facial expressions of emotion.Journal of Experimental Psychology: General,141,19-25.
18. Joormann, J.,Gotlib, I. H.(2007).Selective attention to emotional faces following recovery from depression.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,116,80-85.
19. Joormann, J.,Talbot, L.,Gotlib, I. H.(2007).Biased processing of emotional information in girls at risk for depression.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,116,135-143.
20. Kanade, T.,Cohn, J. F.,Tian, Y.(2000).Comprehensive database for facial expression analysis.Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition,Grenoble, France:
21. Kontsevich, L. L.,Tyler, C. W.(2004).What makes Mona Lisa smile?.Vision Research,44,1493-1498.
22. Lyons, M. J.,Budynek, J.,Akamatsu, S.(1999).Automatic classification of single facial images.IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,21,1357-1362.
23. Mogg, K.,Millar, N.,Bradley, B. P.(2000).Biases in eye movements to threatening facial expressions in generalized anxiety disorder and depressive disorder.Journal of Abnormal Psychology,109,695-704.
24. Pantic, M.,Valstar, M.,Rademaker, R.,Maat, L.(2005).Web-based database for facial expression analysis.IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo,Amsterdam, the Netherlands:
25. Rodger, H.,Kelly, D. J.,Blais, C.,Caldara, R.(2010).Inverting faces does not abolish cultural diversity in eye movements.Perception,39,1491-1503.
26. Scherer, K.(Ed.),Ekman, P.(Ed.)(1984).Approach to emotion.Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
27. Smith, M. L.,Cottrell, G. W.,Gosselin, F.,Schyns, P. G.(2005).Transmitting and decoding facial expressions.Psychological Science,16,184-189.
28. Troje, N. F.,Bülthoff, H. H.(1996).Face recognition under varying poses: The role of texture and shape.Visual Research,36,1761-1771.
29. 卓淑玲、葉怡玉、連怡甄、徐詠琪(2005)。華人臉孔表情資料庫建立初探。輔仁大學醫學院第三屆學術研究成果壁報展，台北=Taipei:

1. 蔡振家、陳一平、林智祥(2013)。以情緒感受為基礎的音樂情緒資料庫。中華心理學刊，55(4)，571-599。
2. 鄧閔鴻(2016)。社交焦慮者的注意偏誤：混合面部表情刺激與焦慮情緒誘發的影響。臨床心理學刊，10(1)，17-32。
3. 黃碧群,陳建中(2020)。人臉美感知覺：影像統計數和對稱感的影響。中華心理學刊，62(3)，421-440。
4. 襲充文、葉娟妤、黃世琤(2013)。台灣地區華人情緒與相關心理生理資料庫─大學生基本情緒臉部表情資料庫。中華心理學刊，55(4)，455-475。
5. 櫻井正二郎,黃榮村,汪曼穎(2019)。台灣實驗認知心理學發展選論：以台大心理學系為框架。中華心理學刊，61(4)，295-319。
6. (2024)。口罩遮蔽對不同臉孔表情判斷之影響：與自閉症特質及同理心的關聯性。臨床心理學刊，18(1)，18-34。