知覺類別學習中的類別變異效果：以聽覺刺激為例

Category Variability Effect in Perceptual Category Learning with Auditory Stimuli

10.6129/CJP.20150917

吳岳勳(Yueh-Hsun Wu)；楊立行(Lee-Xieng Yang)

回饋學習 ； 類別學習 ； 類別變異效果 ； feedback learning ； category learning ； category variability effect

中華心理學刊

58卷2期（2016 / 06 / 01）

109 - 126

繁體中文

類別變異效果是指，人們傾向將介於兩類別中間的刺激，分類至變異程度較高的那個類別。過去研究指出範例模型對這個效果無法提供合理解釋，相對地，規則模型則可以，因此這個效果一直是這兩類模型比較的試金石。雖然過去研究時而觀察到此一效果，但由於各研究使用的實驗方法不盡相同，使得我們並不清楚究竟在何種條件下類別變異效果會出現。本研究使用單音刺激進行實驗，嘗試釐清類別變異效果的發生條件。刺激向度為單音頻率，並且透過心理物理函式轉換成心理量（mel）。三個實驗均以典型的回饋學習派典進行。實驗一嘗試瞭解是否可以透過指導語操弄，促使參與者覺察到類別變異程度的差距。結果發現不論有無提示參與者兩類別變異程度有所不同，均沒有發現類別變異效果。實驗二嘗試直接操弄類別變異的差距程度，縮小低變異類別的變異程度，使其成員間距縮小或僅有一個成員，結果均發現顯著的類別變異效果。實驗三則將加大高變異類別的變異程度，結果仍然支持類別變異效果。最後，本研究再根據三個實驗的結果以及前人研究的結果，歸納出一個量化指標D分數，並用於預測類別變異效果，當D大於1時，類別變異效果便會出現，反之則否。本研究結果將有助於未來進行相關研究的參考。

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