题名

On the Moral Irrelevance of Intention

并列篇名

論意圖的道德無關性

DOI

10.6258/bcla.2002.56.13

作者

孫效智(Hsiao-Chih Sun)

关键词

意圖 ; 意圖相關倫理 ; 意圖無關倫理 ; 雙果律 ; 直接與間接 ; 為與不為 ; 相稱主義 ; 結果主義 ; 義務論 ; intention ; intention-sensitive ethics ; intention irrelevance thesis ; doctrine of double-effect ; direct and indirect ; doing and allowing ; proportionalism ; consequentialism ; deontology

期刊名称

臺大文史哲學報

卷期/出版年月

56期(2002 / 05 / 01)

页次

393 - 436

内容语文

英文

中文摘要

沒有人懷疑意圖的道德相關性,特別是在判斷一個人的道德人格或行為動機時。問題是,意圖在判斷行為的道德性質時扮演什麼角色呢?當代學者對於這個問題有很多不同意見。有主張意圖與行為道德性之判斷密切相關者,也有主張,在特定意義下,意圖與行為道德性之判斷毫無關係者。J. L. A. Garcia稱前者為「意圖相關倫理」(intention-sensitive ethics),後者為「意圖無關倫理」(irrelevance thesis)。我在這篇論文當中要為特定意涵的「意圖無關倫理」辯護,結論更將指出,忽略意圖在特定觀點下與行為的道德判斷無關,是當代基本倫理學諸多混淆的原因之一。文分三部分:首先我先介紹這個爭論的問題意識及其重要性,其次,我要分別討論兩個「意圖無關倫理」支持者的論述以及兩個「意圖相關倫理」者的立場,並試圖整合他們的看法,指出他們論述的缺失。最後,在這個討論之上,我將提出我自己對於「意圖無關倫理」的看法與理由。

英文摘要

While no one doubts the moral relevance of intention in assessing the moral character of the agent, it is controversial whether and how intention is relevant or irrelevant to the determination of the moral status of actions. J. Garcia calls the position endorsing the relevance of intention in determining the moral status of actions ”intention-sensitive ethics” (ISE) and its antithesis ”irrelevance thesis”(IT). In this article I contend that IT is in certain significant senses defensible. Ignoring this could bring about serious confusion in assessing the moral quality of an action. The article is structured as follows: (1) Introducing the issue and its significance. (2) Discussing the positions of two IT proponents, Judith Jarvis Thomson and James Rachels, and then, respectively, the positions of their critics, J. L. A. Garcia and Thomas D. Sullivan. (3) Presenting my own arguments based on the insights acquired from the discussion.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
人文學 > 歷史學
人文學 > 中國文學
参考文献
  1. (1750).Catechism of the Catholic Church.
  2. Aristotle=亞里斯多德.Nicomachean Ethics (Book II).
  3. Beauchamp、 Tom L.(1996).Intending Death: The Ethics of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia.
  4. Bennett, Jonathan(1981).The Tanner Lectures on Human Values (Vol. II).
  5. Democritus.Fragmenta Moralia.
  6. Finnis, John(1991).Liability and Responsibility: Essays in Law and Morals.
  7. Garcia, J. L. A.(1995).Intention-sensitive Ethics.Public Affairs Quarterly,9(3),201-213.
  8. Gardner, Martin(1993).The Mens Rea Enigma.Utah Law Review,3,642-655.
  9. Ginet, Carl(1990).On Action.
  10. Grisez, German(1991).Fulfillment in Christ: A Summary of Christian Moral Principles.
  11. Hull, Richard(2000).Deconstructing the Doctrine of Double Effect.Ethical Theory and Moral Practice,3,195-207.
  12. Kant、 Immanuel, I.(1993).Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals.
  13. Plato=柏拉圖.Politeia.
  14. Pojman, Louis(1995).Ethics: Discovering Right and Wrong.
  15. Rachels, James(1986).The End of Life: Euthanasia and Morality.
  16. Rachels, James(1994).Killing and Letting Die.
  17. Sullivan, Thomas D.(1994).Killing and Letting Die.
  18. Sulmasy, Daniel P.,Pellegrino, Edmund D.(1999).The Rule of Double Effect.Archives of Internal Medicine,159,545-550.
  19. Thomas、 Aquinas, Saint, Saint Thomas, Thomae.Summa Theologiae.
  20. Thomson, Judith Jarvis(1991).Self-defense.Philosophy & Public Affairs,20(4),283-310.
被引用次数
  1. 林建德(2014)。佛教「意業為重」之分析與探究。臺大文史哲學報,80,145-178。
  2. 王榮麟(2023)。行為者的意圖影響行為的可允許性嗎?。生命教育研究,15(1),1-30。