Samuel Jognson and Translating Pastoral

姜生「翻譯」牧歌的操作典範及牧歌文類的「翻譯現象」

10.6258/bcla.2003.58.07

張惠鍞(Huei-Keng Chang)

姜生 ； 牧歌 ； 翻譯 ； 文類 ； 文化本土化 ； 十八世紀 ； Samuel Johnson ； the pastoral ； translation ； vernacular literacy ； generic transformation ； the eighteenth century

臺大文史哲學報

58期（2003 / 05 / 01）

211 - 229

英文

本論文的預設論點是：所謂牧歌式微或枯萎的說法，乃「本質論」的演繹。從語用學或符號學的觀點而論，牧歌或其他文類，並沒有絕對本質。牧歌從遠古就是混合體或錯雜會合體，各代仿作或理論，展現一連串結構重組和「語意」重新規劃的作業。因此，從時間的視野而論，牧歌的面目其實是多次「翻譯」操作的綜合。根據上述立論，本文建議重估姜生的牧歌論述。由建議的觀點檢閱姜生，可以發現他和他同時的牧歌參與者，其實不是如傳統評論所言，導致牧歌這個文類終結的下場，而是積極作「文類翻譯」配合那時代暢行的「國語化」和「現代化」目標。其翻譯運作促成牧歌重組和轉向，並獲得展延生命的契機。同時，姜生鼓吹「翻譯」的修辭策略，實際上是所有語文改革企劃的操作典型。

The essay has in view two mutually related projects. First, it seeks to counterpoint the essentialist approach to the pastoral genre with a performative or pragmaticist concept of literary genre. Second, it advances a re-consideration of Johnson’s pastoral discourses in the alternative approach pursued in the first project. On the one hand, Johnson’s pastoral engagement serves as an example for the argument that the historical presence of pastoral consists in a process of motivated ”translation.” On the other, the idea of ”translation” makes it possible to work out the historical relevance of the deconstructive operation of Johnson’s pastoral discourses. Furthermore, the idea of motivated transformation sheds light on the paradigmatic value of Johnson’s deconstructive operation.

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