Zamyatin's "We": A Reassessment

重新評估察米雅欽的《我們》

10.6258/bcla.2003.58.08

張惠娟(Hui-Chuan Chang)

反烏托邦 ； 察米雅欽 ； 我們 ； Dystopia ； Zamyatin ； We

臺大文史哲學報

58期（2003 / 05 / 01）

231 - 250

英文

俄國作家察米雅欽的《我們》在反烏托邦文學中具有舉足輕重的地位，是此一文類的開山祖之一。然而，傳統上反烏托邦文學的研究者所關注的，多為其社會批判的層面，亦即反烏托邦是針對當前社會走向所發出的「預警」。此等「內容掛帥」的閱讀方式無法發掘《我們〉在內涵和文體上所展露的活潑多變的風貌，以是本論文希冀提供另一視筒，以補傳統閱讀的不足。自內涵與文體兩方面觀之，皆可見《我們》作為一反烏托邦小說的獨特性。《我們》是一個深具「開放性」的反烏托邦，在內涵上刻意呈現意識形態的不受制約，在文體上則採取深具自我意識的後設技巧，徹底顛覆反烏托邦小說單元／封閉的敘事空間。相較於其他反烏托邦小說，《我們》具有開放的辯證特質，在反烏托邦的陰鬱中重燃烏托邦的樂觀希望。

This paper means to draw attention to the uniqueness of Yevgeny Zamyatin's ”We” as a ”heretical” product, a work that stands aloof among modem dystopias in many aspects. Ideologically as well as textually, ”We” is a dynamic, open-ended dystopia, foregrounding ideological free play and narrative indeterminacy. Its articulation of multiplicity of perspectives defies any assertion of absolutism or authority and destabilizes whatever illusion of closure the text may have harbored. Its recourse to various metafictional techniques further unravels a textual world where everything is just in the process of becoming and nothing has already been finished. The departure of ”We” from the realist tradition upheld by other dystopias is significant in negotiating a strategy to counter the official, orthodox narrative and eventually to provide a glimpse of hope for the otherwise dark world.

1. Baccolini, Raffaella(2000).Future Females: The Next Generation: New Voices and Velocities in Feminist Science Fiction Criticism.
2. Beauchamp, Gorman(1973).Of Man's Last Disobedience: Zamiatinh's We and Orwell's 1984.Comparative Literature Studies,10,285-301.
3. Beehler, Michael(2001).Yevgeny Zamyatin: The Essential, the Superfluous, and Textual Noise.Substance,15(2),6.
4. Booker, M. Keith(1994).Dystopian Literature: A Theory and Research Guide.
5. Brown, Clarence(1993).We...
6. Brown, E. J.(1993).We...
7. Burns, Tony(2000).Zamyatin's We and Postmodernism.Utopian Studies,11(1),66-90.
8. Cavallaro, Dani(2000).Cyberpunk and Cyberculture: Science Fiction and the Work of William Gibson.
9. Cavendish, P. J.(2000).Evgenii Zamiatin in the 1990s: A Reassessment.Slavonic and East European Review,78(4),735-743.
10. Davies, Laurence(1999).Transformations of Utopia: Changing Views of the Perfect Society.
11. Dennis, Bretton J.,McGiveron, Rafeeq O.(2000).Zamyatin's We.The Explicator,58(4),211-213.
12. Ginsberg, Mirra(1970).A Soviet Heretic: Essays by Yevgeny Zamyatin.
13. Huxley, Aldous Leonard(1977).Brave New World （1932）.
14. Kaplan, Carter(1999).The Advent of Literary Dystopia.Extrapolation,40(3),200-212.
15. Kern, Gary(1988).Zamyatin's We: A Collection of Critical Essays.
16. Kern, Gary(1993).We...
17. Kumar, Krishan(1987).Utopia and Anti-Utopia in the Modern Times.
18. Morson, Gary Saul(1981).The Boundaries of Genre : Dostoesvsky's Diary of a Writer and the Traditions of Lierary Utopia.
19. Moylan, Tom(2000).Scraps of the Untainted Sky: Science Fiction, Utopia, Dystopia.
20. Orwell, George(1996).Nineteenth Eighty-Four.
21. Parrinder, Patrick(1973).Imagining the Future: Zamyatin and Wells.Science-Fiction Studies,1,37-41.
22. Parrinder, Patrick(1995).Shadows of the Future: H. G. Wells, Science Fiction, and Prophecy.
23. Rogers, Philip(1998).Dystopian Intertexts: Dickens’ Hard Time and Zamyatin's We.Comparative Literature Studies,35(4),393-411.
24. Sicher, Efraim(1991).The Last Utopia: Entropy and Revolution in the Poetics of Evgeny Zamjatin.History of European Ideas,13(3),225-237.
25. Zamyatin, Evgeny(1970).A Soviet Heretic: Essays by Yevgeny Zamyatin.