從語言的中介性論高達美的意義理論－兼論本質主義與反本質主義

Gadamer's Theory of Meaning from the Perspective of Language as Medium: With Essentialism and Anti-Essentialism as a Subordinate Thesis

10.6258/bcla.2007.66.06

陳榮華(Wing-Wah Chan)

高達美 ； 意義理論 ； 本質主義 ； 反本質主義 ； Gadamer ； theory of meaning ； essentialism ； anti-essentialism

臺大文史哲學報

66期（2007 / 05 / 01）

153 - 178

繁體中文

本文從語言的本性討論高達美的意義理論。高達美認為，一個文本的意義是同一的，但也是差異的，這正是他強調的「差異是在同一中」（die Differenz ist in der Identitaet）之意。本文認為這個論點可以由高達美的「語言作為中介」（Sprache als Medium）來證成（對於語言的這種性格，我稱之為語言的中介性）。在本文，我指出意義理論的本質主義和反本質主義預設了語言的另一種性格，我稱之為語言的獨立性。我分析語言的獨立性在意義理論上的困難，然後說明由語言的中介性建立的意義理論可以避免它們，同時也可以證成高達美的「差異是在同一中」的論點。

This essay attempts to show that Gadamer's well-known maxim concerning the theory of meaning, ”difference exists within identity,” might be justified by an analysis of his conception of language: ”language as medium.” However, both essentialism and anti-essentialism in the theory of meaning presuppose another conception of language: the independence of language. This conception makes interpretation impossible. In this essay, the theoretical difficulties implied in the concept of language in essentialism and anti-essentialism are first elucidated. Then Gadamer's conception of language as medium is examined and a justification of his theory of meaning proposed.

1. 陳華榮(2000)。論高達美詮釋學的文本與詮釋之統一性。臺大文史哲學報，52
   連結：
2. Derrida, Jacques(1973).Speech and Phenomena and Other Essays on Husserl's Theory of Signs
3. Derrida, Jacques,Tran. G. Spivak(1976).Of Grammatology
4. Dostal, Robert J.,Ed. R. Dostal(2002).Gadamer: The Man and His Work.The Cambridge Companion to Gadamer,13-35.
5. Fromm, Wayne J.,Ed. Hugh Silverman(1999).L`ecriture and Philosophical Hermeneutics.Gadamer and Hermeneutics: Science, Culture, Literature.
6. Gadamer, Hans-Georg(1986).Wahrheit und Methode: Ergaenzungen Register, Hans-Georg Gadamer Gesammelte Werk, Band 2.
7. Gadamer, Hans-Georg(1990).Wahrheit und Methode: Grundzuege einer philosophischen Hermeneutik. Hans-Georg Gadamer Gesammelte Werke. Band 1.
8. Gadamer, Hans-Georg,Tran. J. Weinsheimer,D. Marshall(1989).Truth and Method. 2nd edition.
9. Heidegger, Martin(1977).Sein und Zeit. Martin Heidegger: Gesamtausgabe, Band 2.
10. Heidegger, Martin,Tran. J. Macquarrie,E. Robinson(1962).Being and Time.Identity and Difference.
11. Heidegger, Martin,Tran. J. Stambaugh(1969).
12. Hirsch. Eric Jr(1965).Truth and Method in Interpretation.Review of Metaphysics.
13. Hirsch. Eric Jr(1967).Validity in Interpretation..
14. Hoy, David(1978).The Critical Circle: Literature, History, and Philosophical Hermeneutics
15. Kearney, Richard(1986).Modern Movements in European Philosophy
16. Leitch, Vincent(1983).Deconstructive Criticism: An Advanced Introduction
17. Madison, Gary(1996).The Hermeneutics of Postmodernity: Figures and Themes
18. Rorty, Ricard(1982).Consequences of Pragmatism
19. Rorty, Ricard,Ed. D. Hiley,J. Bohman,R. Shusterman(1991).Inquiry as Recontexualization: An Anti-Dualist Account of Interpretation.The Interpretive Turn: Philosophy, Science, Culture,59-80.
20. Saussure, Ferdinand de,Tran. W. Barkin(1959).Course in General Linguistics.
21. Smith, Christopher(1991).Hermeneutics and Human Finitude: Toward a Theory of Ethical Understanding

1. 陳惠青、洪如玉(2016)。解構哲學之探討及其對審美教育學之啟示。教育科學研究期刊，61(1)，115-137。
2. 郁瑞麟(2020)。國際會議決策制定的建構觀點：以領海寬度的形成為例。問題與研究，59(4)，1-50。
3. 鄭素靜(2023)。後現代美感校園環境的實踐與詮釋。學校行政，144，147-166。