英文摘要
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In the Preface of Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals Kant holds that "everyone must grant that a law, if it is to hold morally, that is, as a ground of an obligation, must carry with it absolute necessity." According to Kant, this absolute necessity can only be derived from pure reason, and therefore the validity of moral law can only be grounded on pure (practical) reason. But for Schopenhauer, practical reason can only be prudential, never pure. Therefore he holds that the foundation of morals is a metaphysical will rather than pure practical reason. For Mou Zongsan, the validity of moral law cannot be grounded on pure practical reason in Kantian finite sense, but instead on a stronger sense of an infinite practical reason. This article attempts firstly to analyze Schopenhauer's and Mou Zongsan's criticism of Kant's ethics (Sections 2 and 3), and secondly to compare their teachings of the foundation of morals (Section 4).
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