風載下列車行駛在大跨斜張橋之脫軌分析

DERAILMENT ANALYSIS OF A TRAIN MOVING ON CABLE-STAYED BRIDGES IN CROSS WINDS

10.6652/JoCICHE.202106_33(4).0006

王素梅(Su-Mei Wang)；Shota Urushadze；姚忠達(Jong-Dar Yau)

斜張橋 ； 車橋耦合 ； 向量式有限元 ； 風載 ； 脫軌 ； 動力 ； cable-stayed bridge ； train and bridge interaction ； VFIFE ； wind load ； dynamic analysis

中國土木水利工程學刊

33卷4期（2021 / 06 / 01）

307 - 315

繁體中文

大跨度纜索式鐵路橋在強風作用下，因其大幅振動特性，可能導致橋上行駛列車出現脫軌問題。考量輪軌接觸的脫軌分離問題不利於車橋結構之反矩陣計算，本文基於向量式有限元理論，針對受車行之雙跨斜張橋，提出一套三維「風－車－橋」分析模型。當中車輛和橋均以質點離散方式描述，車輛質點間採用彈簧阻尼單元連接，橋樑質點間則採用無質量之向量式空間梁單元連接。車橋之輪軌接觸力模擬則引入非線性Hertz接觸彈簧和Kaller蠕滑力，風載以擬靜風力和抖振力來模擬，由此構建了「風－車－橋」耦合向量式有限元素之脫軌分析模式。為評量列車行駛在橋上的脫軌現象，文中分就輪軌的接觸幾何及接觸力來說明列車輪對在橋上位置脫軌評估關係。結果顯示，本文建議之向量式有限元的車橋動力模式因無須處理結構反矩陣計算，可有效地解決列車輪對與軌道間之脫／跳軌的計算問題。最後文中提出列車輪對在橋上位置的脫軌評估關係圖，以列車行駛在不對稱雙跨斜張橋（330m鋼橋段與180m預力混凝土（PC）段組成）來說明向量式車橋有限元素模式在評估脫軌問題之作法。從計算結果顯示；（1）主跨330m鋼橋段因結構勁度柔及風載引起的巨幅振動會直接影響列車脫軌；（2）由輪軌幾何接觸分析，在PC段和鋼樑段交接處因結構勁度變化出現跳軌現象。

Wind-induced vibrations of long-span cable-stayed bridges are prone to the derailment problems of a train moving on flexible bridges. Considering the wind-train-bridge coupling system, a vector form intrinsic finite element (VFIFE) theory is proposed to develop a 3D vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) model that can take derailment effects into account, in which the vehicle and bridge are discretized into a series of mass points that are connected by massless spring-damping units for structural modeling of the VBI system. To carry out derailment analysis of the wheel-sets moving on tracks, their contact points are determined by the geometric contact relationship of wheel-rail system associated with the Hertzian contact and Kaller creep theory. In addition, the stochastic wind acting on the vehicle-bridge system is simulated as pseudo-static wind loads with buffeting forces for dynamic analysis of the wind-VBI system. From the present study, the VBI-VFIFE model is applicable to derailment analysis of a train moving on a bridge in cross winds once the leaving or jumping phenomena between the wheel-set and tracks occur. From the present study, it is concluded that (1) as a train enters into a two-span cable-stayed bridge made of fully welded steel (330m) and pre-stressed concrete (180m) girders, its derailment risk on the steel girder would rise significantly due to wind-induced large vibrations on the steel deck; and (2) the jumping phenomena of moving wheel-sets on the bridge occur at the transition between the welded steel and PC girders.

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