結合Level of Detail與品質資訊之三維圖徵設計

AN ENHANCED 3D FEATURE DESIGN STRATEGY BASED ON THE INTEGRATION OF LEVEL OF DETAIL AND QUALITY INFORMATION

10.6652/JoCICHE.202205_34(3).0002

蔡昌洋(Chang-Yang Tsai)；洪榮宏(Jung-Hong Hong)

城市地理標記語言 ； 細緻度層級 ； 資料品質 ； 標準 ； 三維地理資訊 ； CityGML ； level of detail ； data quality ； standardization ； 3D GIS

中國土木水利工程學刊

34卷3期（2022 / 05 / 01）

191 - 200

繁體中文

品質為地理資訊建置及應用時必需考量之因素，近年快速發展之三維地理資訊同樣面臨品質資訊之課題，尤其不同蒐集方法所產製資料之品質各自不同，其複雜度遠超過傳統之二維資料，勢必需要重新由三維化之思維，探索及評估如何整合及應用由不同來源取得之三維資料。基於三維圖資之特性而設計標準化之品質資訊，以減低錯誤應用及提昇跨域之互操作性為有效之策略。細緻度層級（Level of Detail，簡稱LOD）為近年許多三維化之相關標準與技術廣泛使用之概念，但現有的LOD概念僅能提供三維空間資料概略之規格區隔依據，代表即使是相同之LOD，相異來源及作法仍可能產生不同品質與規格之資料，進而導致不恰當之整合應用，將不足以滿足品質評估與判斷之需求。本文由三維及物件化之觀點切入，基礎於CityGML 3.0之LOD架構而設計具有自我描述能力之三維圖徵綱要，使三維空間圖徵能以物件化方式流通及應用，且單一圖徵將具有描述自身空間、屬性、語意及品質之完整能力，因此單一三維圖徵不僅能夠藉由自我描述之資訊獨立運作，且可與相異主題之三維圖徵有效之整合、區隔及比較，進一步提升三維空間圖徵之應用價值。以自我描述架構之設計採用ISO 19157之標準化品質資訊配套，包括完整性、邏輯一致性、位置精度、主題精度、時間精度及使用性等六類子元素，可補強既有LOD架構描述能力不足之問題。本設計架構可適用於不同種類城市物件及使用情境，並針對每一類子元素設計合適之評估程序及描述內容，最後透過規則之設計約制不同品質規格資料之整合應用。基於此跨域之通用三維圖徵自我描述架構，將可提供我國未來推動三維地理資訊基礎建設及跨域資訊自動化品質判斷之策略研擬參考。

Quality is the core for designing and creating geographic information. From a feature-based 3D GIS perspective, it is an opportunity to combine 3D geographic data to cross-domain information. Since the quality and producing method of each kind of 3D data are different. It must re-evaluate how to integrate and apply 3D data. Therefore, it is necessary to avoid wrong usage in specific application scenarios by recording standardized data quality information with the properties of geospatial data. Many standards and applications of 3D GIS apply the concept of Level of Detail (LOD). The LOD concept enables to roughly distinguish data quality from 3D geographic data, though, the integration of different source data may have dissimilar data quality in same LOD. It is possible to restrict the applications of high-quality data and combination of different quality data. From feature-based 3D geospatial data perspective, this study proposes self-described 3D building feature integrating with four LODs in CityGML 3.0 and standardized data quality information used ISO 19157 to describe. ISO 19157 contains six data quality elements, completeness, logical consistency, positional accuracy, thematic accuracy, temporal accuracy, and usability. Based on the requirements on specific city objects and scenarios, it is necessary to design the appropriate measures for each data quality elements to represent the quality and applicable scenarios of 3D geospatial data. This study proposes a self-described 3D feature approach to promote the applications, development, and quality management of 3D GIS in our country.

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