题名 |
挪用與合理化-十九世紀月琴東傳日本之研究 |
并列篇名 |
Appropriation and Legitimization-The Adaptation of Chinese Yueqin in Nineteenth Century Japan |
作者 |
李婧慧(Ching-Huei Lee) |
关键词 |
月琴 ; 清樂 ; 樂器的地位 ; 文人的象徵 ; 他者 ; 挪用 ; yueqin ; gekkin ; shingaku ; status of musical instruments ; symbol of literati ; other ; appropriation |
期刊名称 |
藝術評論 |
卷期/出版年月 |
18期(2008 / 12 / 01) |
页次 |
57 - 80 |
内容语文 |
繁體中文 |
中文摘要 |
短頸圓體的月琴於十九世紀初隨「清樂」(日本人稱傳自清代中國的音樂)東傳日本長崎,初流傳於日本的文人階層與中上家庭,是清樂中最流行的樂器。清樂連同漢詩、書畫等,是十九世紀日本社會中漢化的社會菁英的標記;然而日本文人們既然崇尚中國文人生活,爲何不選擇中國文人的象徵樂器-琴,而選擇月琴?既然選擇了中國民間樂器的月琴,又如何賦予它新的角色與意義,以提昇其地位,合理化地成爲一種「日本文人樂器」,並順理成章地鞏固了他們的社會地位? 誠然,樂器被傳播到新地方時,其原有之社會與文化脈絡會加入了新環境的社會脈絡與認同。本文檢視十九世紀月琴東傳日本之受容情形,討論月琴的音色美與外型爲何/如何轉變成日本文人(指清樂實踐者)的象徵樂器。固然,異國風是因素之一;然而,透過清樂樂譜刊本的題詩、插畫、序文與跋等之分析,筆者認爲十九世紀月琴(及清樂)移植日本社會的過程中,實際上藉著挪用(appropriation)與合理化(legitimization)等過程,已建構了一個區別「我群」與「他者」的標識,並且將異國風、象徵、隱喻與認同等具現於月琴中,以達到一方面兼具時尚與異國風的地位象徵,另一方面再確認「日本性」的雙面效力。 |
英文摘要 |
Yueqin (J. gekkin, moon lute), a short-necked Chinese folk lute with a round-shaped resonator, was brought to Japan in the nineteenth century along with shingaku, a folk music genre from Southeastern coastal China. Since its arrival, the moon-lute had become popular among the Japanese literati and middle class families. Learning the moon-lute was seen to be as important as learning Chinese poems, calligraphy, painting, and Chinese culture, which were markers of a prestigious Sinicized middle-class. The moon-lute became an emblem of Japanese literati in the Meiji era. However, why did Japanese literati, the dominant group of shingaku practitioners, select the moon-lute rather than the qin, a Chinese literati instrument? Since they selected the moon-lute, a musical instrument originally for common people in China, how did they create and impose a new meaning on it to legitimatize it and in the meanwhile, affirm their status? When a musical instrument moves to a new land, the original social and cultural contexts it carries will mingle with new social contexts and identity. This paper examines the adaptation of the Chinese moon-lute in Japan. It discusses why and how the beauty and shape of the moon-lute was symbolically transformed into a new cultural metaphor for the literati. It is clear that exoticism might have had played an important role in the reception of the moon-lute as a new cultural 'other'; nonetheless, by analyzing the prologues, poems, and paintings in various shingaku printed scores, I argue that the procedures of relocating the moon-lute and shingaku in nineteenth century Japan, including appropriation and legitimization, had constructed a new marker to differentiate 'self' from 'other', in which various perspectives, such as exoticism, metaphor, and identity, were embodied in the moon-lute in order to maintain a new status for the exotic 'other' and reconfirm the literati's Japaneseness. |
主题分类 |
人文學 >
藝術 |
参考文献 |
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