平衡在舞與死的足尖上：電影《紅菱豔》中不斷旋轉的芭蕾伶娜

Balancing En Pointe Between Dance And Death: The Pirouette Ballerina In The Film The Red Shoes

10.3966/101562402017010032005

張思菁(Chang, Szu-Ching)

芭蕾伶娜 ； 紅菱豔 ； 舞蹈與性別 ； Ballerina ； The Red Shoes ； dance and gender

藝術評論

32期（2017 / 01 / 01）

129 - 160

繁體中文

《紅菱豔》由麥可．鮑威爾（Michael Powell） 與艾莫里．普瑞斯伯格（Emeric Pressburger）所執導製作，於1948 年在英國首映，是近五十多年來少數以芭蕾為主題的暢銷電影，隨著全球化電影工業曾於臺灣播映。本文探討電影中所型塑的芭蕾伶娜角色與敘事，並分析幕後電影製作過程中電影劇組與舞者演員的合作關係與權力結構。除了分析劇本敘事中所預設的男性與女性的多重對立關係，本文亦以電影中的舞者與舞蹈身體為分析主體，同時援引近年舞蹈研究關於芭蕾女舞者形象、職涯與社會地位相關理論。本文認為這部電影可被視為芭蕾舞蹈史中的一個重要註腳，電影敘事中身為女性藝術工作者的芭蕾伶娜，被要求在舞與死之間不斷失衡與平衡，然而，這並非女性舞者天生的宿命，而是來自於父權社會結構與芭蕾歷史發展的脈絡，觀眾需考量女性舞者性別形象與社會權力架構中各種關係的位置與層次，以及舞蹈電影可能提供的多種觀看角度與詮釋。電影以「為舞蹈而死」的通俗愛情劇幻象，餵養出觀眾的情感投入與眼淚，而真實世界的女舞者則繼續努力建構舞蹈專業的主體性，在父權體制的權力架構中持續掙扎並協商抗衡。

The film The Red Shoes, directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger, was released in 1948 in the United Kingdom and later in Taiwan. This paper investigates the images and the life of the ballerina represented in this film and discusses the cooperation and power relationships between dancers and film directors in the filming process. This paper focuses on dancers and the dancing body, exploring how the narratives constructs the connection between art and death, and analyzing the various sets of binaries between men and women presented in this film. This paper locates this film in the context of ballet history and employs theories from dance literature about female ballet dancers so as to investigate gender issues. This paper argues that The Red Shoes should be considered as an important film in ballet history. In this film, the ballerina, as a professional artist, is forced to keep dancing and balancing between love and death. The intention to reverse the power relationship in these gender binaries is not acceptable from the viewpoint of patriarchal society, so it is a must to transfer the ballerina' great passion for dance into death as its final conclusion. But, this should not be the destiny of woman. Therefore, its audiences have to understand the multiple-layered gender positions and power relationships, and also explore the possibilities of different viewpoints in order to interpret The Red Shoes. While this film feeds its audience with the belief of and the relief of ＂dying for dance,＂ ballerinas in the real world have to struggle with the patriarchal structure and negotiate with power relationships in order to construct the subject position of the dancing profession and of the female body.

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