論天台智顗的「文本」概念

On the Concept "text" of Tiantai Zhiyi

10.7065/MRPC.200303.0008

郭朝順(Chao-Shun Kuo)

文本 ； 法華經 ； 本跡 ； 觀心釋 ； 實相 ； 天台智顗 ； 一心三觀 ； text ； Lotus Sutra ； original and traces ； explanation of contemplating mind ； real mark ； Tiantai Zhiyi ； one-mindedness of the threefold contemplation

哲學與文化

30卷3期（2003 / 03 / 01）

61 - 76

繁體中文

智顗的「文本」概念是依於《法華經》本跡不二的思想而演繹出來。智顗認為「佛經」並不限於釋迦牟尼佛親口所說及其記載才是佛經，一切緣起法，由於都是實相的展現，因此一切事物都可以作為令眾生解悟的佛經而被讀誦。然而所有以特定形態存在的事物都是佛經的跡文本，其存在之全部實相才是本文本。閱讀理解佛經的方法，必須通過跡文本之解讀並且捨棄其束縛，才有掌握本文本之可能。其操作方式便在於不斷運用一心三觀，圓融且完整地觀照任一事物空假中等三個面向，並且明白三者之間的相即一致，方能使閱讀、理解佛經文本的行為，轉化成為實?解脫的修行活動。

According to the view of the Lotus Sutra that ”origin and traces” are not opposites but unity, the Sui dynasty Tiantai monk Zhiyi developed his own concept of text. Zhiyi thought Buddhist Sutras were not only expressed through the historical Buddha Sakyamuni and his pupils recording his sermons. Any existing thing based on depended origination must also be viewed as a manifestation of what is taught by the Sutras; consequently any existing thing can become a Buddhist Sutra causing sentient beings to acquire enlightenment. Everything, which has its own special pattern of expression, becomes the ”text of traces”, whereas the totality of existing things based on depended origination must be viewed as its ”original-text”. In order to understand the ”original-text”, one must know how to read the “text of traces” and simultaneously know how to abandon its limits, which is based on the method of reading and understanding Buddhist Sutras. The method of reading is the ”one-mindedness of the threefold contemplation”. One who reads the “text of traces” due to this method contemplates the ”threefold truth” of any object, that is realizing simultaneous identity of emptiness, conventionality, and the middle of any object on which this contemplation focuses. Based on this contemplation, reading and understanding the text of Buddhist Sutras is supposed to transform itself into the cultivation of liberation and salvation.

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