英文摘要
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This article is founded on the Pre-qin Chinese Confucian thoughts of Confucius, Mencius, Xun-zi and the Western thoughts of Thomas Aquinas to compare the Chinese and Western ideas about ”prudence (practical wisdom)” in order to see if they have some basis to make a dialogue upon. Due to the cultural and language differences, the understandings and interpretations about prudence in China and the West are apparently different, which are assumed to be similar in some way despite all the seeming differences. Even the three Pre-qin Confucians have their individual traditional and innovative thoughts about the issue of prudence, which are different despite all the seeming similarities.
In this paper, we first explore Aquinas's and the Pre-qin Confucians' views respectively in terms of the ”concept and nature of prudence,” while the Pre-qin Confucianism is further categorized into three different doctrines by Confucius, Mencius, and Xun-zi, presenting the differences in their thoughts. And we address the three grades of ”prudence(moral intellect) ”-”making others know one's self”, ”knowing others”, and ”knowing one's self”-to show that prudence is founded on the implicit ”knowing one's self” while focuses on ”knowing others.” Then it is explored that, except Mencius, Aquinas and the Confucians believe prudence to be acquired rather than natural. Furthermore, beginning with Mencius's relating prudence with intuitive knowledge and ability, we show the distinction between Aquinas's doctrines respectively about prudence and conscience. Finally, three observations are proposed as the temporary conclusion of this comparative study.
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