斐羅的奧秘觀

Mystical View in the Philo's Thought

10.7065/MRPC.200412.0003

武金正(Kim-Chinh Vu)

斐羅 ； 奧秘觀 ； 理性與信仰 ； 亞巴郎 ； 寓意法 ； 宗教交談 ； Philo of Alexandria ； Mystical View ； Abraham ； Mystagogy ； Allegory ； Middle Platonism ； Inculturation

哲學與文化

31卷12期（2004 / 12 / 01）

3 - 24

繁體中文

斐羅是位企圖將「中期柏拉圖」哲學與「猶太教的托辣(Torah)」予以會通者。他之所以能成功地將「信仰」與「理性」協調，主要得力於非常有創意地發揮「寓意法」詮釋，並化解聖經道理與希臘文化之間的衝突處，而此兩者均奠基於奧秘的根基。斐羅的奧秘觀，首先從理解「絕對超越者」著手，並試圖將「中期柏拉圖學派」所遺留尚未解決的某些重要問題藉由聖經的「創世紀」提出解答。本文進而枚舉亞巴郎(Abraham)奧秘的「受神教育」(Mystagoty)，作為奧秘體驗的分析和理解之實例。探究猶太教的先聲「教父」，從其遠离家鄉的召叫、以至在信仰的光照下行走、乃至成為天主的朋友，此乃重建梅瑟「成文誡律」最深奧秘的精神。而在反省分析中，我們也體認亞巴郎的經驗，亦如一般神秘經驗的歷程一樣，有其不同的層面：煉路、明路和合路。最後，竊以為斐羅的奧秘觀，可提供今日的任何宗教經典與其教主的關係更深遂的意義，並透過「寓意法」的詮釋，促進宗教之間的交談。

Philo of Alexandria was a significant scholar in the century of Jesus, Paul and Gamliel...He was successful to bring Platonist philosophy and Jewish Torah together, because he applied the allegorical method creatively, especially believed firmly that both reason and faith are united ultimately in the Mystery. To explore the mystical view in the Philo's thought, firstly is to consider what Philo understood under the concept of the Absolute Transcendent and how he approached to it through philosophical reflection and in biblical revelation. He used allegory skillfully to resolve problems left by Middle Platonism and to resolve conflicts between revelation and Greek culture. Then Abraham's story in the Genesis is picked up to illustrate the mystical view of Philo in his two writings “De Abrahamo” and “De Migratione Abrahami”. In reflection of Philo’s mystical view, we discover that the way of Abrahsm’s experience though unique, however could be reconstructed in a normal mystical process, namely purification, illumination and unification. Lastly, the way Philo understood the absolute Transcendent and interpreted the relationship between “unwritten Law” and “written Law” could help us to discover the integral relationship between founder of a religion and its doctrine, as well to develop a hermeneutical method for inter-religious dialogue and incluturation, which is very important in Asian, especially in Chinese life-world.

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