從儒家哲學中的超越觀看羅光主教的天人合一

Considering Archbishop Lo Kuang's Unity of Heaven and Man from the Confucian Transcendental View

10.7065/MRPC.200502.0003

黎建球(Bernard Li)

儒家 ； 生命哲學 ； 超越 ； 天人合一 ； Confucianism ； Philosophy of Life ； Transcendence ； Unity of Heaven and Man

哲學與文化

32卷2期（2005 / 02 / 01）

3 - 20

繁體中文

超越的概念是在任何一種生命哲學主張中，所必須面對的課題之一，生具有生命卻無法滲透生命的底蘊，是無法徹底的瞭解生命的本質，由於生命本身的可容性極大，因此，我們就必須從生命本身向生命深層思考。 中國儒家思想中所言之超越，不僅僅是發展其內在的主體即可，更必須有內在的主體的修養，進於內在主體的超越，再進而達到外在的超越，更進而與超越的本體合一，即儒家所言之天人合一，如此儒者的使命才算完成。因此，儒家生命哲學的基本內涵就是了解生命與直入生命的內心。因此，不論是內在超越或外在超越，在其內含上，都是直接叩緊生命的每一個層次。 羅光主教認為整個中華民族的精神和文化，都沉溶在好生之德，顯露天人合一的生命。其認為儒家主張天人合一，不論是從本體、心理、倫理上皆有其深刻意涵。本文試以儒家所關懷之問題為主並以中庸中所含蘊之基本思想為輔，做一哲學性之思考、省察並就生命哲學之意義予以說明，進而提出羅光主教對儒家天人合一論的主張。

The idea of transcendence is one of the issues that have to be addressed in any claims about philosophy of life. The esoteric essence of life is that one can't see through the truth of life while he or she has life. Since life itself has great tolerance, we have to contemplate the depth of life through life itself. The idea of transcendence in Chinese Confucian thinking is to not only develop one's internal subjectivity but also cultivate it, which in turns leads to the transcendence of the internal subjectivity, then to the transcendence of the external and finally to the unity with the transcendental subjectivity, that is, the Confucian unity of Heaven and Man. Only then, a Confucian's mission is completed. Therefore, the essential content of the Confucian philosophy of life is to understand life and reach for its core. Therefore, the content of transcendence, either of the internal or the external, is directly connected to every dimension of life. Archbishop Lo Kuang thought that the spirit and culture of the whole Chinese people have been exposed to the respect for life, which shows life as the unity of Heaven and Man. He believed that Confucianism argued for the unity of Heaven and Man, which have profound significance in terms of ontology, psychology and ethics. This paper is intended to focus on the Confucians' concerns, supplemented by the fundamental thinking of the doctrine of the mean in order to make a philosophical contemplation and review as well as an explication of the significance of the philosophy of life. Consequently, we will propose Archbishop Lo Kuang's claims about the Confucian doctrine of the unity of Heaven and Man.