從張載“民胞物與”談儒家生態觀

On Confucian Ecology through Zhang Zai's Idea of the "Coexistence and Mutual Compliment between Men and Nature"

10.7065/MRPC.200508.0111

潘玉愛(Yu-Ai Pan)

張載 ； 民胞物與 ； 合虛與氣 ； 大其心以窮神知化 ； Zhang Zai ； Coexistence and Mutual Compliment between Men and Nature

哲學與文化

32卷8期（2005 / 08 / 01）

111 - 126

繁體中文

在中國，宋代的思想匯聚形成理學之勢，亦是中國古代科技發展的高峰時期，在此時，張載（公元1020-1077年）提出氣化的世界觀是為宋代的科學理論奠立基礎。在此意義下，張載的生態觀是值得深究的課題。 首先，提出生態的問題與盲點，試問科技與工業發展下，文明於今日真的是一種幸福嗎？什麼原因促使人與自然如同兩條不相交的平行線；其次，論述張載的生態觀，從三方面看：一是人在宇宙間的定位，以「合虛與氣，有性之名」的本體進路，二是人該扮演何種角色，以大其心以窮神知化態度對待天地萬物，三是民胞物與的價值取向，為天地立心，人能感通於自然，自覺地維持自然生態的生息；最後，對西方與張載「民胞物與」生態觀檢討。

Neo-Confucianism, converging different schools of thought in the Song Dynasty, was the high peak of the technological development of ancient China. In this sense, Zhang Zai's (1020-1077 A. D.) ecology is worthy of profound exploration. First, we present the questions and blinds spots of ecology and ask: Nowadays, with the developments of both technology and industry, is civilization a blessing or a curse? What causes the separation of men from nature? Second, regarding Zhang Zai's ecological views, we have to approach them from three angles: the position of men in the universe, the role that men should play, the values of the ”coexistence and mutual compliment between men and nature.” Finally, we make a review of the western ecology and the one upheld by Zhang Zai's idea of the ”coexistence men and nature”