美國〈人文主義宣言〉內涵及其發展

The Meanings and Development of Humanist Manifestos of U. S. A.

10.7065/MRPC.200601.0049

吳瑞珠(Doris Wu)

人文主義 ； 人文主義宣言 ； 宗教的人文主義 ； 普遍的人文主義 ； 信仰 ； Humanism ； Humanist Manifestos ； Religious Humanism ； Universal Humanism ； Religion

哲學與文化

33卷1期（2006 / 01 / 01）

49 - 70

繁體中文

本文以一九三三年由杜威等三十四位新文化運動活躍人士簽署之第一部〈人文主義宣言〉(Humanist Manifesto Ⅰ)、一九七三年由「美國人文主義協會」(the American Humanist Association)修正公佈之第二部〈人文主義宣言〉(Humanist Manifesto Ⅱ)、及二○○三年第三部〈人文主義宣言〉(Humanist Manifesto Ⅲ)為基礎，對其內容加以分析，藉之明瞭人文主義由歐洲文藝復興(Renaissance)起始，經過啟蒙運動(Eulightenment)的發酵，在美國的發展和影響。 從士林哲學的立場，對人文主義以理性反宗教、無神論觀點，就理性生命的角度和對理性與信仰進一步的思考來回應〈人文主義宣言〉的理念，並指出「普遍的人文主義」精神，將是〈人文主義宣言〉可能發展的終向。

This paper is based on as well as analyzing the contents of Humanist Manifesto Ⅰ (signed by John Dewey and other thirty-four activists of New Cultural Movement in 1933), Humanist Manifesto Ⅱ (modified by the American Humanist Association in 1973), and Humanist Manifesto Ⅲ declared in 2003 so as to understand the development and influence of humanism-initiated by Renaissance and encouraged through the Enlightenment-in U. S. A. From the standpoint of scholasticism, we take the views of rational counter-religion and atheism and respond to the ideas of the Humanist Manifestos in terms of the perspective of life and the further reflection on reason and religion. Besides, we are also going to point out that the spirit of ”universal humanism” is the final goal of the development of ”Humanist Manifestos.”