仕學書院：明代在職官員的進修之所

The Shi-Shueh Academy: The Institute of Further Education for Officials in the Ming Dynasty

10.7065/MRPC.200809.0019

鄧洪波(Hong-Bo Deng)

仕而學 ； 學而仕 ； 仕學書院 ； 明代 ； A Good Official Can Become a Scholar ； A Good Scholar Can Become a Good Official ； The Shi-Shueh Academy ； The Ming Dynasty

哲學與文化

35卷9期（2008 / 09 / 01）

19 - 29

繁體中文

學而優則仕，仕而優則學，原本是儒家的一個基本規則，因而有學而仕，仕而學，如車之兩輪，缺一不可的說法。但是，車之兩輪，常常缺一。我們常見的只是學而優則仕的事蹟，也習慣於把官學和書院當作學而仕的訓練場所。本文披露罕見的史料，以臨汝、棠溪、稽山三書院為例，敘說明代官吏仕而優則學的嘗試，認為為在職官員設立專門的講學論道、修身養性的書院，是明代的一個創舉。

A good scholar can become an official, while a good official can become a scholar. This is a fundamental principle of Confucianism; therefore, it's said that these two phenomena are as necessary as the two wheels of a cart. However, we usually see only how good scholars become officials rather than the other way around and just, by habits, consider the institutes of official education and the academies to be the training schools for scholars to become officials. In this paper, we disclose such rarely seen historical documents, taking three academies as examples, to describe how officials tried to become scholars in the Ming Dynasty and pinpoint that those academies founded specifically to train officials intellectually were something revolutionary of the Ming Dynasty.

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