對馬一浮復性書院儒學經典教育之省思

The Reflection on the Education of Confucian Classics at Ma Yi-Fu's Fu Xing Academy

10.7065/MRPC.200809.0065

李新霖(Hsin-Lin Li)

馬一浮 ； 復性書院 ； 儒學 ； 經典教育 ； 六藝 ； Fu Xing Academy ； Confucianism ； Education of Classics ； Ma Yi-Fu

哲學與文化

35卷9期（2008 / 09 / 01）

65 - 86

繁體中文

復性書院創辦於1939年。體制上，與當時學制不合，是與時代脫節的書院教育形式。時機上，標榜主敬復性的儒家教育理想，與全國皆投入救亡圖存的抗日戰，格格不入。但它卻是博學通儒的馬一浮先生深思熟慮後的產物。復性書院未及兩年即處於停頓狀態，是因為錯置了時代？還是儒家經典教育已經落伍？如今時移事遷，當我們再回顧這段歷史時，卻發現無論復性書院有得抑或有失，竟有頗多值得我們借鏡的地方，尤其是在今日台灣多數大學推動通識經典教育之際。本文之研究，主要重現馬一浮創建復性書院的歷史，再對照今昔不同的時空條件，思考其對現今大學推動儒學經典教育的啟示。

Fu Xing Academy was founded in 1939, against the education system back then as an educational form on the decline, not to mention that the country was at war with Japan. The founding of Fu Xing Academy was a fulfillment of the Confucian educational ideal of the well-known modern scholar, Ma Yi-Fu. Ma once explained the academy was founded to cultivate well-learned talents. The name of the academy, Fu Xing, was meant to imply: ”he way of education is to restore human nature, that is, to change one's temperament and revive his or her inherent good nature.” Therefore, the education at Fu Xing Academy revolved around Confucianism, since ”six arts (six classics) consist of all studies,” and ”six arts are based on the righteousness in one's mind.” Though Fu Xing Academy was closed less than two years after founding, the focus of this paper is how to restore human nature and change one's temperament through the education of Confucian classics and how the legitimate methodology of Confucian classics would inspire the education of classics that's advocated now in most universities in Taiwan.

1. 馬一浮(1996)。馬一浮集。杭州:浙江古籍出版社。
2. 馬一浮(2005)。爾雅臺答問。南京:江蘇教育出版社。
3. 馬一浮(2005)。復性書院講錄。南京:江蘇教育出版社。
4. 馬一浮研究所、華養賽主編、呂正之、馬鏡泉副主編(1992)。中國當代理學大師馬一浮。上海:上海人民出版社。
5. 許寧(2008)。六藝圓融馬一浮文化哲學研究。北京:中國社會科學出版社。
6. 滕復(2001)。馬一浮思想研究。北京:中華書局。