多瑪斯的三位一體神觀

Thomas Aquinas' Treatise on Trinity

10.7065/MRPC.200903.0003

潘永達(Wing-Tat Poon)

多瑪斯 ； 三位一體 ； 生發行動 ； 實在關係 ； 理念性關係 ； 關係位格 ； 被派遣 ； Thomas Aquinas ； Trinity ； Processions ； Real relation ； Logical relation ； Relational Persons ； Mission

哲學與文化

36卷3期（2009 / 03 / 01）

3 - 22

繁體中文

源自耶穌啟示的三一神觀屬基督宗教信仰的本質，本身就是一項奧秘，超越理智層次。但信仰尋求理解，故自教會初始，無數思想家窮畢生之力不斷探索此一信仰。中世紀神哲學巨擘多瑪斯的經典之作《神學大全》即是以此開始，其思想影響後來教會的三一神學發展。 本文主要介紹多瑪斯的三一神觀。首先概述三一神學的聖經基礎及早期教會在三一神學建構過程中所產生的爭論；第二段則略述多瑪斯的三一神學如何受奧斯定之影響，以及其《神學大全》第一集中有關三一神學的思想脈絡；第三段討論多瑪斯三一神觀的前段思想－天主的唯「一」性。多瑪斯在此發揮了亞里斯多德形上學的存有概念，藉此闡述天主性體的唯一性與動態性，作為詮釋三位關係的基礎；第四段指出多瑪斯如何以形上關係位格說明三一信仰的合理性；最後提出多瑪斯如何講出天主聖三生命如何與受造物相連，使內在永恆性生命與外在受造物之間不致產生疏離。

Originating from the revelation of Christ, trinity by nature is part of Christianity and therefore a mystery beyond the level of reason. But faith is to search for understanding; therefore, numerous thinkers have spent their whole lives exploring this faith ever since the beginning of the church. This is also how Thomas Aquinas, the great medieval theological philosopher, set to work on his masterpiece, Summa Theologica. And his thought made tremendous influence on the theological development of trinity. This article is first and foremost about Aquinas' idea of trinity. The first part is to introduce the biblical foundation of trinity, along with the controversy produced in the early church during the theological construction of trinity. The second part roughly describes how Aquinas' theology of trinity was influenced by St. Augustine as well as the philosophical context of trinity in the first part of Summa Theologica. The third part of this paper discusses Aquinas' thought before the treatise on trinity, that is, ”The One God.” In this treatise, Aquinas exploits the idea of existence from Aristotle's metaphysics so as to illustrate the oneness and dynamics of the nature of God as the foundation of the interpretation of trinity. The fourth part points out how Aquinas explains the rationality of the faith of trinity through the person of metaphysical relation. And, finally, it's suggested that Aquinas' treatise on the most holy trinity is related to all creatures and eliminates the possible alienation between the eternal life within and the external creatures without.

1. 多瑪斯原著、周克勤總編輯、劉俊餘翻譯(2008)。神學大全。台南:碧岳學社。