The Logic of Mohist Reasonings; Leis and Structured Sorts

墨子論理之邏輯；類與結構化種類

10.7065/MRPC.201008.0065

Thierry Lucas

墨子邏輯 ； 悖論 ； 西方邏輯 ； 類 ； 類別 ； 結構化種類 ； Mohist Logic ； Paradoxes ； Western Logic ； Lei ； Classes ； Structured Sorts

哲學與文化

37卷8期（2010 / 08 / 01）

65 - 93

英文

眾所周知，墨子在〈小取〉篇最後部分的某些論理是一種悖論：「則雖盜人人也……殺盜人非殺人也。」在本文中，筆者要用當代西方邏輯分類的概念－類別、種類、結構化種類－來分析及闡述墨子幾組不同的論理。我們用種類解決了這些悖論，並且更普遍地達到下面這個結論：那些論理是以結構化種類為基礎，我們認為這個概念是釐清類之概念的基礎。

It is well-known that some Mohist reasonings of the final portion of the Xiao qu 〈小取〉 are paradoxical: ”a robber is a man, but to kill a robber is not to kill a man”. In this paper, we analyze and formalize the different groups of Mohist reasonings using concepts of contemporary western logic: classes, sorts, structured sorts as they appear in the mathematical theory of categories. We solve those paradoxes by using sorts and more generally arrive at the conclusion that those reasonings are based on structured sorts, a notion which, in our opinion, is fundamental to clarify the notion of lei (類).