雅典與耶路撒冷之間：吉爾松論中世紀三大哲人

The Epistemological Encounter of Athens and Jerusalem-Gilson on Three Philosophers in the Middle Ages

10.7065/MRPC.201211.0175

車桂(Gui Che)

神聖奧秘 ； 光照學說 ； 永恆哲學 ； 中世精神 ； Divine Mystery ； Doctrine of Supernatural Illumination ； Eternal Philosophy ； Spirit of Medieval Philosophy

哲學與文化

39卷11期（2012 / 11 / 01）

175 - 189

繁體中文

本文根據吉爾松（Etienne Gilson, 1884-1978）的中世紀哲學研究，解讀德爾圖良（Tertullian, 160-225）、聖奧古斯丁（St. Augustine 354-430）和聖多瑪斯（St. Thomas Aquinas,1225-1274）三位哲人對於神聖啓示原理的知識論理解模式，探討「雅典和耶路撒冷」亦即「希臘哲學和希伯來啓示」之間有關啓示思想的連續和斷裂。本文首先討論德爾圖良對於「神聖奧秘」啓示的知識論理解模式的涵義及其限制，其次解讀奧古斯丁知識論中關於「信仰」和「理解」的關聯所隱含的宗教和形而上學意義，最後論述聖多瑪斯「恩典成全自然」的知識論原理，及其集大成的思維特質。

Following Etienne Gilson (1884-1978)'s brilliant study on the Medieval philosophy, this paper attempts to expound three philosophers' Christian epistemological models for the understanding and interpretation of the divine principle of Christian revelation, namely, the models of Tertullian (160-226), St. Augustine (354-430) and St. Thomas (1225-1274). My focus is to explore the continuity and difference among these Christian philosophers as to how they deal with the relation between Greek philosophy and Hebrew revelation. First, this paper will discuss the significance and limitation of the Tertullian epistemological model in understanding the Christian revelation of divine mystery. Second, this paper will expound the profound Christian experience of conversion and its metaphysical meaning in the Augustinian epistemological model, namely, ”faith seeking understanding.” Finally, this paper will clarify St. Thomas' metaphysics of knowledge that constitutes the Thomist epistemological model emphasizing ”grace perfecting nature,” and, with it, how to understand it as the ”Spirit of Medieval Philosophy” par excellence.

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