意識、演化與創化論

Consciousness, Evolution and Theory of Creative Evolution

陳文祥(Wen-Hsiang Chen)

艾德曼 ； 薛丁格 ； 意識 ； 高階意識 ； 演化論 ； 創化論 ； 有神論的演化論 ； Gerald Edelman ； Erwin Schrodinger ； Consciousness ； Higher-order Consciousness ； Theory of Evolution ； Theory of Creative Evolution ； Theory of Evolution in Theism

哲學與文化

40卷4期（2013 / 04 / 01）

61 - 78

繁體中文

意識構成人類獨特的內在世界之核心應是不爭的事實，但其從何而來？其性質為何？可以完全用生物演化論解釋嗎？抑或是必須由某種精神的置入始得可能？另一方面，人們可以從意識這個奇妙的現象走到宗教的奧秘裡嗎，抑或者更有理由反對之？這些重要的問題成為哲學與科學研究的共同主題。哲學上以心智問題或類似形式出現的關注從未稍減，而認知科學、生物科學與腦科學對意識的實證研究更是方興未艾。本文之目的在於討論當代生物科學、臨床醫學與腦神經科學所提出的主要看法，期以釐清構成意識生發的基本條件，其次回答其所從出的問題；並試圖透過這些證據探討意識所透顯的意義，最後，論證經由演化而來的意識與創造論之間聯繫的可能性問題。本文分為四個部分：一、討論意識的定義及其構成要素。二、論證意識的統合性與層次性及其呈現的意義。三、討論意識的演化論觀點，結論則主張人類的意識雖由演化而來，但並不與創造論的主張造成必然的衝突，二者可以在更高的層次得到統合。

Consciousness is undoubtedly the core of the unique inner world of human beings. However, where does consciousness come from? What's the nature of consciousness? Can it be fully explained by the theory of evolution? Or can it be explained without involving some sort of spirit? On the other hand, Can the ingenious phenomenon of consciousness lead to the mysterious of religion? Or does it offer more reasons to reject religion? These important issues are the common themes of of philosophy and scientific research. There is never lack of attention to the concept of consciousness, as the positive research on consciousness blossoms in cognitive science, bio-science, and brain science. Here we present the major opinions about consciousness in the fields of bio-science, clinic medicine and nerve science of brain to clarify the basic requirements of consciousness, answer the derived questions and, based on these evidences, inquire the issue of meaning as presented by consciousness. Besides we try to answer whether it's possible to relate the existence of consciousness to the creation theory as part of theism. This article is divided into four sections. First, we discuss the definition and the constitutive elements of consciousness. Second, we try to expound and prove the unification and stratification of consciousness. Third, we talk about the dimension of evolution in consciousness.

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