蘇格拉底與摩呂草－柏拉圖《普羅塔戈拉》引荷馬史詩考

Socrates and Mωλυ: A Philosophical-literary Inquiry into the Homeric Quotations in Plato's "Protagoras"

賀方嬰(Fang-Ying He)

柏拉圖 ； 《普羅塔戈拉》 ； 荷馬 ； 《奧德賽》 ； 摩呂草 ； 赫爾墨斯 ； 奧德修斯 ； 蘇格拉底 ； 阿爾喀比亞德 ； 愛若斯 ； 智識 ； Plato ； "Protagoras" ； Homer ； "Odyssey" ； Moly/μωλυ ； Hermes ； Odysseus ； Socrates ； Alcibiades ； Eros/ερως ； Intelligence

哲學與文化

40卷11期（2013 / 11 / 01）

37 - 55

繁體中文

柏拉圖在《普羅塔戈拉》開場即引入荷馬的詩句顯得意味深長。一方面，他告誡雅典青年人不要因異邦新派智術師的引誘迷失了靈魂；另一方面，他還暗示，哲人蘇格拉底在城邦中施教實際面臨兩類對手：古老的敘事詩人荷馬與新派的智術師。柏拉圖筆下的蘇格拉底與荷馬的關係問題，是詩與哲學之爭的重大面相之一。由於蘇格拉底與智術師之間的差異模糊，蘇格拉底與史詩傳統的關係顯得十分複雜難辨。本文以《普羅塔戈拉》開場蘇格拉底引用荷馬史詩暗喻阿爾喀比亞德為例，通過還原、比較引荷馬史詩在不同語境中的具體意涵，力圖推進對柏拉圖對話作品與史詩傳統之關係的理解。

That Plato quotes from the Homeric poetry in the opening of the ”Protagoras”, where he on the one hand warns the Athenian youth that they should not lose themselves facing the lure of the new sophists from other cities, while on the other, he suggests that Socrates actually has to confront challenges from two different groups, namely Homer, the old narrative poet, as well as the new sophists, is of great significance. The relationship of Socrates and Homer thus is an important facet of the ancient quarrel between poetry and philosophy. Moreover, it is known that Socrates seems to have an obscure distinction with sophists, and that the relationship between Socrates and traditional poets is highly complicated. Taking the beginning of the ”Protagoras”, in which Socrates cites Homeric epic to allude Alcibiade, as an example, this paper tries to reach a thorough understanding of the relationship of Socrates and the epic tradition by restoring and comparing the concrete meaning of Socrates' quotations of Homer in different contexts.

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