柏拉圖與荷馬史詩

Plato and Homeric Epics

泰田伊知朗(Ichiro Taida)

希臘 ； 柏拉圖 ； 荷馬 ； 史詩 ； 《理想國》 ； Greece ； Plato ； Homer ； Epic ； "Republic"

哲學與文化

40卷11期（2013 / 11 / 01）

57 - 70

繁體中文

本論文針對柏拉圖與荷馬史詩之關係進行研究。柏拉圖自幼就非常喜愛荷馬史詩《伊利亞特》與《奧德賽》，而且他自身也喜歡作詩，具備詩人的才能。然而，他卻放棄成為一位詩人，反而朝著哲學家之路邁進。從他的哲學作品當中，除了可窺見他對荷馬史詩的喜愛程度，也可看到他對荷馬史詩的批判。另外，柏拉圖的作品引用了不少荷馬史詩，但有些引用內容完全不同於我們現在所讀到的荷馬史詩。一般認為，會產生這種差異的第一個原因是，在柏拉圖的時代所流傳的荷馬史詩中，早已存在柏拉圖所引用的內容形式。第二個推測性原因則是柏拉圖的記憶有誤。在當時，書本的取得並不容易，無法按照書中內容逐字逐句地引用，因此還必須仰賴記憶，一旦有記憶模糊的狀況發生，就可能直接把錯誤反映在引用的內容中。第三個原因則可能是，柏拉圖根據其哲學意圖有意地改編荷馬史詩。

The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the relationship between Plato and Homeric epics. Plato was familiar with the Homeric epics, the ”Iliad” and the ”Odyssey”, and composed his own poems. However he gave up to live as a poet and decided to be a philosopher. In his philosophical works, he showed his love for Homeric Epics, but at the same time he criticized Homer. Also it is known that Plato cited many line of the Homeric Epics which were sometimes different from the original lines. Three reasons for the difference are possible. First, the forms which Plato wrote were already included in the text of Homer which he referred to, and he regarded the forms as genuine Homeric forms. Second, the difference was due to the mistake by Plato. When he cited the lines, he probably did not refer to books of Homeric Epics, but depended upon his memory, because literature at that time were scrolls and it is hard to find the information. Third, Plato intentionally revises Homeric Epics according to his philosophic views.

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