胡塞爾論普世性與文化革新

Universalism and Cultural Renewal - Husserl's Phenomenological Approach

游淙祺(Chung-Chi Yu)

胡塞爾 ； 文化革新 ； 倫理革新 ； 文化普遍性 ； 文化差異 ； Husserl ； Cultural Renewal ； Ethical Renewal ； Cultural Universals ； Cultural Difference

哲學與文化

41卷11期（2014 / 11 / 01）

39 - 56

繁體中文

本文嘗試從胡塞爾現象學的觀點探討文化普遍性與差異性的問題。本文首先透過胡塞爾「生活世界」概念說明他的普通主義的主張；其次，本文論述胡塞爾的普通主義與其文化見解的密切關聯，指出胡塞爾並不僅僅從現實面來看文化，更著重文化的理想面。就其論述脈絡來說，文化的理想面涉及胡塞爾對文化革新以及背後之倫理革新的看法。基於革新的理念，他認為歐洲的文化理想可以被推行到歐洲以外的文化去，日本便是一例。如此一來，文化理想與文化革新的論述最終涉及歐洲與非歐洲之關係。本文希冀透過胡塞爾的文化革新論述為文化普遍性與差異性之相關問題提供一個新的思考角度。

The paper investigates into the problem of cultural universals and cultural difference in the framework of Husserl's phenomenology. I will illustrate his idea of universalism by delineating his concept of lifeworld. On this basis I point out that his idea of universalism is closely related to his understanding of culture, which is not only demonstrated by him with the factual perspective, but also with the ideal perspective. The ideal perspective has to do with what Husserl calls ＂cultural renewal＂ and ＂ethical renewal.＂ Based on his idea of both renewals Husserl is convinced that the cultural ideal of Europeans deserves being introduced to regions beyond Europe, for example, Japan. Viewed as such, Husserl's discourse of cultural ideal and renewal is indispensably related to the cultural relationship between Europe and non-Europe. My paper hopes to contribute to a clarification on the problem of cultural universals and cultural difference with help of Husserl's idea of cultural renewal.

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