题名

論張載之心性論及其形上基礎

并列篇名

On Zhang Zai's Doctrine of Mind-Nature and Its Metaphysical Foundation

作者

黃秋韻(Chiu-Yun Huang)

关键词

張載 ; 橫渠 ; 心性論 ; 氣論 ; 太虛 ; 太和 ; 正蒙 ; Zhang Zai ; Heng-qu ; Doctrine of Mind-Nature ; Doctrine of Chi ; Great Void ; Great Harmony ; Rectifying the Ignorant

期刊名称

哲學與文化

卷期/出版年月

43卷2期(2016 / 02 / 01)

页次

143 - 157

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

張載之「心」在宋明理學中有其成始與成終的價值,從北宋至明末王船山,張載觀念的發展影響程朱陸王深遠。然而,其論心性的步驟似與孟子相反,傳統上孟子盡心、知性與知天的進路,很明顯地是由下往上說,先論道德主體的盡心,次論知性、知天的範疇,從人道說天道。然而,張載云:「天地之塞,吾其體;天地之帥,吾其性」*則是由上往下說,強調因「天地之塞」方可言「吾其體」也,乃由天道說人道。此兩種表達差異的原因,以及其「心」觀念的內涵與形上基礎,即源自其氣論與心性論的內涵;本文將反思張載如何從太虛與太和之氣論,透過其感通與感者性之神等觀念重返心性論,觀察其如何對傳統儒家心性論建構一新的形上學。

英文摘要

Zhang Zai's "mind" launched and concluded Neo-Confucianism, having great impact on the scholars from the North-Sung Dynasty to the end of the Ming Dynasty. However, the steps he took in his investigation of mind-nature are opposite to those taken by Mencius. Mencius's approach from exhausting the mental constitutions, knowing nature to knowing heaven was obviously moving from the bottom to the top, addressing the way of man before the way of heaven. However, addressing the way of heaven before the way of man, Zhang Zai said, "that which extends throughout the universe I regard as my body, and that which directs the universe I consider as my nature." The difference between Zhang Zai and Mencius's statements, along with their respective ideas of "mind" and corresponding metaphysical foundations, originated from their respective doctrines of chi and doctrines of mind-nature. Here we would reflect on how Zhang Zai returned to the doctrine of mind-nature from the doctrine of chi through the ideas of correspondence and arousal being the marvelous quality of nature and discuss how he constructed a new metaphysic theory based on traditional Confucian theories of mind-nature.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
参考文献
  1. 杜保瑞(2010)。牟宗三以道體收攝性體心體的張載詮釋之方法論反省。哲學與文化,37(10)
    連結:
  2. 林永勝(2010)。惡之來源、個體化與下手功夫—有關張載變化氣質說。漢學研究,3
    連結:
  3. 郭寶文(2010)。從《橫渠易說》到《正蒙》:張載論本體之一貫脈絡—兼論張載與戴震氣學進路之差異。淡江中文學報,23
    連結:
  4. 陳政揚(2008)。張載「大心」說析論。東吳哲學學報,17
    連結:
  5. 宋朱熹(2003)。點校四書章句集注。北京:中華書局。
  6. 宋張載、章錫琛點校(1978)。張載集。北京:中華書局。
  7. 丁為祥(2001)。張載人性論溯源。鵝湖月刊,26(11)
  8. 方東美(2005)。生生之德。臺北:黎明文化事業公司。
  9. 王林偉(2011)。論張橫渠之「太虛即氣」說—對諸哲學史家之詮釋的考察。當代儒學研究,11
  10. 朱建民(1989)。張載思想研究。臺北:文津出版社。
  11. 牟宗三(2003)。心體與性體。臺北:聯經出版社。
  12. 韋政通(1999)。中國思想史。臺北:水牛出版社。
  13. 唐君毅(2004)。中國哲學原論.原教篇。臺北:臺灣學生書局。
  14. 唐君毅(1990)。哲學論集。臺北:臺灣學生書局。
  15. 勞思光(1993)。新編中國哲學史。臺北:三民書局。
  16. 劉學智(2008)。張載「和」論探微。中國哲學史,62
  17. 鄧秀梅(2009)。唐、牟二氏對張載哲學的詮釋比較。鵝湖月刊,35(3)