論M. Nussbaum以公共情感為基礎的創發性正義及其實踐

On M. Nussbaum's Poetic Justice and its Practice of Public Emotions

王俊斌(Chun-Ping Wang)

能力取向 ； 公共情感 ； 憐憫 ； 想像力 ； 社會正義 ； Capacities Approach ； Public Emotions ； Compassionate ； Imagination ； Social Justice

哲學與文化

43卷11期（2016 / 11 / 01）

41 - 60

繁體中文

本文根據Martha Nussbaum「能力取向理論」（capabilitiesapproach theory）及其「創發性正義」（poetic justice）觀，分析愛、義憤與悲憫像等不同公共情感之實踐價值，並論證Nussbaum 企圖以此培養富有同情心之公民教育基礎。除了早期《愛的知識：哲學與文學論文集》、《創發性正義：文學想像與公共生活》、《思想的劇變：情緒的智慧》或《涵育人文：博雅教育改革的古典辯護》等著作，本文也將最近出版《政治情感：以愛為基礎的正義》與《憤怒和寬恕：怨恨、寬容與正義》之論點納入討論。本文之目的包括：首先，將說明Nussbauam 對「情緒」能力納入社會正義之論證，並分析「公共情緒表徵「在Scylla 與Charybdis 之間」的隱喻意涵；其次，闡述Nussbaum「創發性正義」之主張及其「公共情感」觀點的教學價值；第三則在探討John Rawls 對於公共情感與正義感的不同界定，並提出部分學者對於Nussbaum 的批評。最後，本文期待能以情感政治面向之正向價值，提出豐富感受能力喚醒之教育，進而對教育困境與道德問題之解決指出另一種出路。

Based on Martha Nussbaum's ＂capacities approach theory＂ and ＂poetic justice＂ argument, this article analyzed the practical values of different public emotions, including love, compassionate, and anger, to demonstrate Nussbaum's attempt of developing a compassionate citizenship education foundation. In addition to the concepts developed in her earlier works, such as ＂Love's Knowledge: Essays on philosophy and literature＂, ＂Poetic justice: The literary, imagination and public life＂, ＂Upheavals of thought: the intelligence of emotions＂, or ＂Cultivating humanity: a classical defense of reform in liberal education＂, the viewpoints of her recent works ＂Political emotions: Why love matters for justice＂ and ＂Anger and forgiveness: Resentment, generosity, justice＂ are included in the discussion of this article as well. The purposes of this article are to firstly explain the argument of Nussbaum's social justice incorporating ＂emotional intelligence＂, and to analyze the metaphorical meaning of public emotion ＂between Scylla and Charybdis＂. Secondly, the article intended to expound Nussbaum's advocates of ＂poetic justice＂ and the educational value of her view ＂public emotions＂. Thirdly, this article discussed a different definition of public emotions and justice made by John Rawls, and put forward critics for Nussbaum made by some scholars. Finally, through examining the positive value of political emotions, this article would propose an education that is awakened by rich emotions and a way out for educational dilemmas and moral issues.

1. 王俊斌(2013)。善的至高性與脆弱性：Murdoch 與Nussbaum 的立場及其德育蘊義。教育研究集刊，59(3)，1-33。
   連結：
2. 王俊斌(2012)。效用、基本善與能力發展─論「平等」的多元視野及其教育蘊義。教育研究集刊，58(2)，37-69。
   連結：
3. 王俊斌(2013)。論當代「能力取向理論」發展及其對高等教育研究之影響。教育科學期刊，12(2)，1-22。
   連結：
4. 王俊斌(2010)。論M. Nussbaum「能力取向」的正義觀與教育發展。教育研究集刊，56(2)，41-69。
   連結：
5. 王俊斌(2014)。理性反思、詩性想像與倫理教育─論Peter Winch 與Martha Nussbaum哲學思考的文學跨界。興大人文學報，52，291-315。
   連結：
6. 林建福(2010)。情緒教育的哲學探究：迷思、重要性與建議。教育研究集刊，56(4)，1-26。
   連結：
7. Arendt, H.、施奕如譯(2013)。平凡的邪惡：艾希曼耶路撒冷大審紀實。臺北:玉山社。
8. Cohen, Joshua(Ed.)(1996).For love of Country? In a New Democracy Forum on the Limits of Patriotism.Boston:Beacon Press Books.
9. Crisp, R.(2008).Compassion and Beyond.Ethical Theory & Moral Practice,11(3),233-246.
10. Dolby, N.(2012).Multicultural Education for Next Generation.London:Routledge.
11. Hunt, L.(2006).Martha Nussbaum on the Emotions.Ethics,116(3),552-577.
12. Maxwell, B.(2006).Naturalized Compassion: a Critique of Nussbaum on Literature as Education for Compassionate Citizenry.Journal of Moral Education,35(3),335-352.
13. Nussbaum, M.(2006).Frontiers of justice: Disability, Nationality, Species Membership.Cambridge, MA:The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
14. Nussbaum, M.(1990).Love's Knowledge: Essays on Philosophy and Literature.New York:Oxford University Press.
15. Nussbaum, M.(1997).Cultivating Humanity: a Classical Defense of Reform in Liberal Education.Cambridge, MA.:Harvard University Press.
16. Nussbaum, M.(2004).Hiding from Humanity: Disgust, Shame, and the Law.New Jersey:Princeton University Press.
17. Nussbaum, M.(1996).Compassion.Social Philosophy and Policy,13,27-58.
18. Nussbaum, M.(1995).Poetic Justice: The literary, Imagination and Public Life.Boston:Beacon Press.
19. Nussbaum, M.(2016).Anger and Forgiveness: Resentment, Generosity, Justice.New York:Oxford University Press.
20. Nussbaum, M.(2011).Creating Capabilities: the Human Development Approach.Cambridge, MA.:Harvard University Press.
21. Nussbaum, M.(2015).Political Emotions: Why Love Matters for Justice.New York:Harvard University Press.
22. Nussbaum, M.(2001).Upheavals of Thought: the Intelligence of Emotions.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
23. Nussbaum, M.、丁曉東譯(2010)。詩性正義︰文學想象與公共生活。北京:北京大學出版社。
24. Rawls, J.(1971).A Theory of Justice.Cambridge, MA:The Belknap Press of Havard University Press.
25. Richardson, H. S.(1998).Nussbaum: Love and Respect.Metaphilosophy,29(4),254-262.
26. Schacht, R.(Ed.)(1994).Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality.Berkeley:University of California Press.
27. Sen, A.(2009).The Idea of Justice.Cambridge, Massachusetts:The Belknap Bress of Harvard University Press.
28. Slater, L.、鄭雅芳譯(2006)。心靈暗室：米爾格蘭與服從權威。臺北:張老師文化事業公司。
29. Smith, A.、謝宗林譯(2007)。道德情感論。臺北:五南圖書出版公司。
30. Weber, M.(2005).Compassion and pity: An evaluation of Nussbaum's amalysis and dedense.Ethical Theory & Moral Practice,7,487-511.
31. 王俊斌(2015)。兩種實用主義的道德想像力觀點研究：即興想像、自由反諷與道德教育。教育學刊，44，73-105。