题名

先秦「君子」意義的流變

并列篇名

On the Evolution of the Meaning of "Gentleman" in the Pre-Qin Days

作者

張嵎(Yu ZHANG)

关键词

先秦 ; 君子 ; 在位者 ; 道德 ; 才幹 ; Pre-Qin ; Gentleman ; The Man in Authority ; Morality ; Ability

期刊名称

哲學與文化

卷期/出版年月

44卷2期(2017 / 02 / 01)

页次

87 - 101

内容语文

繁體中文

中文摘要

在先秦時期,「君子」的意義處於流變的狀態中,呈現不同的指向。其中「在位者」的意義一直留存,並泛指各個領域的「有地位者」。另外有兩條路向的發展:(1)側重指有道德修養者,(2)側重指有能力才幹者。在指稱有道德修養者時,除了作為與「小人」相對的泛稱,在《論語》中還特指道德境界遜於「聖人」、「仁人」尚考慮現實生活的那一類。到了戰國後期,以荀子為代表,又產生把道德和能力才幹融合起來的君子觀。宋以後,一般以為君子即是有道德修養者,這只是孔孟學派的思想。認識先秦「君子」意義的多元性,當有助於當代人文價值觀的建設。

英文摘要

In the pre-Qin Days, the meaning of the term "gentleman" was in an evolutive state, presenting the different references of meanings. But its meaning of "incumbent" has always remained, referring in general to "those who have high social positions in various fields". Besides, the meaning of "gentleman" has been developing in another two ways: one is to lay special emphasis on the man of moral integrity and the other on the man of ability. When referring to the man of moral cultivation, including the general meaning opposite to a "base man", in The Analects of Confucius, it refers in particular to the man whose moral realm is inferior to either a "sage" or a "kindly man of high character" as well as to the man who does more of considering livelihood. In the late days of the Warring States, with XunZi as a representative, there evolved the "gentleman" concept of combining both morality and ability. After the Song Dynasty, the gentleman, in general, refers to the man of moral integrity, which is a school of thought belonging to Confucius and Mencius. Recognition of the plurality of the meaning of "gentleman" in pre-Qin Days is conducive to the construction of contemporary humanistic value.

主题分类 人文學 > 人文學綜合
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被引用次数
  1. 李彥儀(2021)。作為「教育人」的君子。哲學與文化,48(4),59-77。